An Inquiry into the Principles of Political Oeconomy (Vol. 2 of 2): Being an essay on the science of domestic policy in free nations. In which are particularly considered population, agriculture, trade, industry, money, coin, interest, circulation, banks, exchange, public credit, and taxesSteuart, James, Sir
General
An Inquiry into the Principles of Political Oeconomy (Vol. 2 of 2): Being an essay on the science of domestic policy in free nations. In which are particularly considered population, agriculture, trade, industry, money, coin, interest, circulation, banks, exchange, public credit, and taxes
Steuart, James, Sir
Economics
This was to be divided according to the supposed wealth and quantity of
circulation every where. Every district was ordered to report to the
King’s council their opinion concerning the particular mode of raising
their proportional part of it, in the best way relative to their
situation. This report the council was to examine, and to approve or
amend the proposal given in, according to information.
This was perhaps the best plan of taxation, if properly executed, that
ever has been thought of, for a nation already under a regular
administration of government, and accustomed to pay considerable
impositions.
It removes the inconvenience attending all general taxes, which never
fail to affect unequally different places and districts. It admits of a
prudent mixture of excises, with taxes upon possessions, according to
the internal circumstances of every place. It confines them to towns,
where alone all excises at least can be levied with propriety. It
lightens the oppression of tax-gatherers; because the corporation may
employ whom they will for that purpose. In a word, it is a tax
administred with all the advantages of a farm.
This tax, the general subvention, after it had been imposed by edict,
registred in a Bed of justice September 1759, fell to the ground, from
the nature of the French constitution; because it could not be levied
without a systematic administration, supported by the authority of the
courts of law, to which the parliament would not give their concurrence,
for a very plain reason.
The general subvention being very extensive, and calculated for a fund
of credit to borrow upon, was, by its nature, of a species proper to
become a perpetual tax, as all excises are. The parliament of Paris
seemed to think it agreeable to the constitution, which they are sworn
to maintain, to preserve at all times in their hands a certain power
over the King’s purse, in order to prevent an extravagant minister from
impoverishing the King and the kingdom at once, or running them into the
inextricable confusion of an infallible bankruptcy.
This circumspection of the parliament was represented in another light
at court; and odious parallels were drawn between what had happened in
England about the middle of the last century, and what soon might be
expected in France.
Upon such topics every one judges as he is affected. The minister was
railed at by the parliament-party, in the most virulent manner. Who was
in the right, and who was in the wrong, upon the general question, of
the propriety of raising so large an imposition, to serve as a fund of
credit, under a government like that of France, I shall not here
examine. But that a solid fund should be provided, in one way or other,
proportional to the actual deficiency of the annual supplies, and to
what could not be raised within the year, for the uses of the war, was,
I think, entirely agreeable to principles.
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