An inquiry into the propagation of contagious poisons, by the atmosphere : $b as also into the nature and effects of vitiated air, its forms and sources, and other causes of pestilence : with directions for avoiding the action of contagion, and observations on some means for promoting public healthAlison, Somerville Scott
Science
An inquiry into the propagation of contagious poisons, by the atmosphere : $b as also into the nature and effects of vitiated air, its forms and sources, and other causes of pestilence : with directions for avoiding the action of contagion, and observations on some means for promoting public health
Alison, Somerville Scott
Communicable diseases; Public health
The mode of burial of the present time, which is practised in this
country, is, partly from accidental circumstances, a great improvement
upon that which was in use by our ancestors; for there is much reason to
think that effluvia, proceeding from dead bodies, may percolate or be
strained through a covering of soil of only two or three feet, which may
be completely confined by one of earth and stones of five or six feet in
depth. The great depth to which graves are now dug, originated not so
much with the view of preventing the percolation of effluvia, as with
the intention of embarrassing the operations of the bodysnatcher, whose
violation of tombs is now happily at an end. But though there now
remains no occasion for adopting measures for that purpose, the good
practice of deep burial to which that evil gave rise should not be
allowed to go into desuetude from the absence of those circumstances
which called it into existence.
It is agreeable to information which has been gathered from various
sources, to state, that effluvia may and do penetrate through the loose
soil and other materials of churchyards, when the body is placed within
three feet of the surface of the earth.
With that covering, effluvia do not escape in large quantities at a
time, so as to produce very serious and instantaneous effects; yet a
small amount may percolate from time to time, which, by acting
constantly, without intermission, may be the mean of deteriorating or
undermining the health of those persons who live in their immediate
neighbourhood, and more especially if the situation be one which is not
readily accessible to winds and currents.
It is stated by grave-diggers, that when a body is interred in a grave
five or six feet deep, the effluvia do not reach the surface; so that it
is evident that deep graves are much less dangerous to the living, and
should be adopted in preference to those which are shallow. It is much
to be desired, that no more burying-grounds should be opened or formed
in the heart of towns, and that those which are at present in use, in
such situations, be entirely closed against the admission of more
bodies, and that cemeteries be opened at some distance from the
habitations of men.
Every good purpose which is at present obtained from the burial-grounds
situated in towns, might be also procured from cemeteries placed at a
little distance in the country; and many disadvantages might be avoided
in the latter situation, which attend burial-grounds in densely
populated situations.
One great advantage to be obtained from exurban cemeteries, is the
freedom which the population would enjoy from those exhalations which
must ever arise, in a greater or less degree, from overcrowded
burial-grounds which have, for any considerable time, received the
remains of the dead, and a consequent improved state of health.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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