An inquiry into the propagation of contagious poisons, by the atmosphere : $b as also into the nature and effects of vitiated air, its forms and sources, and other causes of pestilence : with directions for avoiding the action of contagion, and observations on some means for promoting public healthAlison, Somerville Scott
Science
An inquiry into the propagation of contagious poisons, by the atmosphere : $b as also into the nature and effects of vitiated air, its forms and sources, and other causes of pestilence : with directions for avoiding the action of contagion, and observations on some means for promoting public health
Alison, Somerville Scott
Communicable diseases; Public health
HENRY.
For the present, the argument drawn from the actual observation of the
origin and propagation of disease, against the doctrine of atmospheric
contagion, will be waived, and it is proposed here, before going
farther, to inquire, whether the case may not be settled by a reference
to the history of analogous agents, and to the results of experiment.
It is proposed here to inquire if it is likely, judging from their
chemical constitution, that palpable contagious poisons, such as the
matter of small-pox, may be disseminated through the air, without
chemical changes being effected upon them, that must be destructive of
their peculiar properties.
The palpable contagious poisons are products of the blood, formed
therefrom, by the nicest processes. They partake of the nature common to
all animal products; are, like them, prone to putrefaction,—and, like
them, are of a very compound nature.
They are animal products: now it is a well known fact that almost all
animal products are fixed—that is, incapable of being volatilized or
disseminated in air, unchanged in chemical constitution.
Gelatin or animal jelly; albumen, or what is much the same, the white
part of an egg; fibrin or muscular fibre, and the like, are never known
to be in the vaporic state, or commingled with the air. They are
incapable of assuming the aeriform state, not in virtue of a character
peculiar to them, but on account of that nature they share in common
with almost all animal principles, which precludes the possibility of
their being volatilized. No experiment has ever been made which can show
that the principles specified may be diffused through the air.
When exposed to the air for even a short period, decomposition takes
place, and their original nature is totally subverted.
Their elements are held together by affinities too feeble to admit of
their particles being separated by air, without new combinations being
formed.
If heat be applied to them, immediate destruction takes place; if they
be kept moist, and in merely a moderate temperature, putrefaction or
fermentation, in the proper sense of the terms, occurs; if carefully
dried and exposed to the atmosphere, they remain little altered, for a
considerable time; but at length fundamental changes, though operating
slowly, entirely change their nature.
It cannot be shewn that contagious poisons are less animalized than the
products alluded to.
Is it ascertained that contagious poisons, unlike other proximate animal
principles, enter into the aeriform state?
Putting aside the loose and rash statements current upon the subject, as
unworthy of notice, there can be no doubt that, in the whole history of
those poisons, no fact is known, that can legitimately be held as
proving, that they possess such a property, or of giving the idea any
degree of countenance.
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