the last resort upon a conception and conviction of [p.9] the reality of a life deeper than that of sense or intellect, although both these may become tributaries (and not hindrances) to such a spiritual life. I have to thank Professor Eucken himself for allowing me access to material hitherto unpublished, and for encouraging me in the work. I am bold enough to be confident that could I say half of what our revered teacher has meant for me and for hundreds of others of his old pupils, this volume would be the means of helping many who are drifting from their old moorings to find an anchorage in a spiritual world. W. TUDOR JONES. Highbury, London, N., _November_ 1, 1912. * * * * * CONTENTS Preface 7 1. Introduction 13 2. Religion and Evolution 26 3. Religion and Natural Science 57 4. Religion and History 70 5. Religion and Psychology 87 6. Religion and Society 108 7. Religion and Art 119 8. Universal Religion 128 9. Characteristic Religion 151 10. The Historical Religions 166 11. Christianity 180 12. Present-Day Aspects of Philosophy and Religion 206 13. Eucken's Personality and Influence 227 14. Conclusion 236 List of Eucken's Works 245 Index 249 * * * * * AN INTERPRETATION OF RUDOLF EUCKEN'S PHILOSOPHY CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION [p.13] Rudolf Eucken was born at Aurich, East Frisia, on the 5th of January 1846. He lost his father when quite a child. His mother, the daughter of a Liberal clergyman, was a woman of deep religious experience and of rich intellectual gifts. When quite a boy he came at school under the influence of the theologian Reuter, a man of wonderful fascination to young men. The questions of religion and the need of religious experience interested Eucken early, and these have never parted from him during the long years which have since passed away.