Order of derivation.--Occurrence and preparation of sodium chloride; uses.--Sodium sulphate: manufacture and uses. --Sodium carbonate: occurrence, manufacture, and uses.-- Sodium: preparation and uses.--Sodium hydrate: preparation and use.-- Hydrogen sodium carbonate.--Sodium nitrate CHAPTER XLV. POTASSIUM AND AMMONIUM. Occurrence and preparation of potassium.--Potassium chlorate and cyanide.--Gunpowder.--Ammonium compounds CHAPTER XLVI. CALCIUM COMPOUNDS. Calcium carbonate.--Lime and its uses.--Hard water.--Formation of caves.--Calcium sulphate CHAPTER XLVII. MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, AND ZINC. Occurrence and preparation of magnesium.--Compounds of aluminium: reduction; properties, and uses.--Compounds, uses, and reduction of zinc CHAPTER XLVIII. IRON AND ITS COMPOUNDS. Ores of iron.--Pig-iron.--Steel.--Wrought-iron.--Properties. -- Salts of iron.--Change of valence and of color CHAPTER XLIX. LEAD AND TIN. Distribution of lead.--Poisonous properties.--Some lead compounds.-- Tin CHAPTER L. COPPER, MERCURY, AND SILVER. Occurrence and uses of copper.--Compounds and uses of mercury.-- Occurrence, reduction, and salts of silver CHAPTER LI. PHOTOGRAPHY. Description. CHAPTER LII. PLATINUM AND GOLD. Methods of obtaining, and uses CHAPTER LIII. CHEMISTRY OF ROCKS. Classification.--Composition.--Importance of siliceous rocks.-- Soils.--Minerals.--The earth's interior.--Percentage of elements CHAPTER LIV. ORGANIC CHEMISTRY. Comparison of organic and inorganic compounds.--Molecular differences.--Synthesis of organic compounds.--Marsh-gas. series.---Alcohols.--Ethers.--Other substitution products. -- Olefines and other series. CHAPTER LV. ILLUMINATING GAS. Source, preparation, purification, and composition.--Natural gas CHAPTER LVI. ALCOHOL. Fermented and distilled liquors.--Effect on the system.--Affinity for water.--Purity CHAPTER LVII OILS, FATS, AND SOAPS. Sources and kinds of oils and fats.--Saponification.--Manufacture and action of soap.--Glycerin, nitro-glycerin, and dynamite. -- Butter and oleomargarine. CHAPTER LVIII CARBO-HYDRATES. Sugars.--Glucose.--Starch.--Cellulose.--Gun-cotton.--Dextrin. -- Zylonite CHAPTER LIX. CHEMISTRY OF FERMENTATION. Ferments.--Alcoholic, acetic, and lactic fermentation.-- Putrefaction.--Infectious diseases CHAPTER LX. CHEMISTRY OF LIFE. Growth of minerals and of organic life.--Food of plants and of man.--Conservation of energy and of matter CHAPTER LXI. THEORIES. The La Place theory--Theory of evolution--New theory of chemistry CHAPTER LXII GAS VOLUMES AND WEIGHTS. Quantitative experiments with oxygen and hydrogen--Problems AN INTRODUCTION TO CHEMICAL SCIENCE CHAPTER I. THE METRIC SYSTEM. 1. The Metric System is the one here employed. A sufficient knowledge of it for use in the study of this book may be gained by means of the following experiments, which should be performed at the outset by each pupil. 2. Length.