In all territories throughout the whole country, the emolument of the _samurai_ was granted in the form of land, or of rice from the granaries of the _daimyo_, or paid in cash. Sometimes we see a combination of two or three of these forms given to one _samurai_. Besides this pay a patch of ground was allotted to each _samurai_ as his homestead, and a part of that ground used to be cultivated to produce vegetables for family consumption. In whatever form a _samurai_ might receive his stipend, it was officially denoted by the number of _koku_, registered as his nominal income, and that very number determined his position in the list of vassals of a _daimyo_, unless he came from an extraordinarily distinguished lineage. As regards the maximum and the minimum number of _koku_ given to _samurai_, there was no uniform standard applicable to all of the territories. Such powerful _daimyo_ as Mayeta in Kaga, Shimatsu in Satsuma, and Date in Mutsu owned many vassal-_samurai_ who were so puissant as to be fairly comparable to small _daimyo_, while in the territories of the latter, a _samurai_ of pretty high position in his small territorial circle received an allowance of _koku_ so scant that one of the lowest rank, if he were a regular _samurai_, would disdain to receive in big territories. Generally speaking, however, one hundred _koku_ was considered to be an average standard, applicable to _samurai_ under any _daimyo_, to distinguish those of the respectable or official class from those of the non-commissioned or subaltern class. Only the _samurai_ above this standard could keep servants bearing two swords, long and short, as a _samurai_ himself did. Not only all officers in time of war, but all high civil functionaries in the territorial government of a _daimyo_ were taken from this body of orthodox _samurai_. The _samurai_ below this level could keep a servant wearing only one sword, the shorter, and they had to serve their lord as officials of the inferior class, such as scribes, cashiers, butlers, etc.