An Introduction to the Study of Comparative ReligionJevons, F. B. (Frank Byron)
Religion
An Introduction to the Study of Comparative Religion
Jevons, F. B. (Frank Byron)
Religion
But, throughout this process, there is no religion. Religion is the
worship of the gods of a community by the community for the good of the
community. The cult of a fetich is conducted by an individual for his
private ends; and the most important function of a fetich is to work
evil against those members of the community who have incurred the
fetich owner's resentment. Thus religion {xvi} and fetich-worship are
directed to ends not merely different but antagonistic. From the very
outset religion in social fetichism is anti-social. To seek the origin
of religion in fetichism is vain. Condemned, wherever it exists, by
the religious and moral feelings of the community, fetichism cannot
have been the primitive religion of mankind. The spirits of fetichism,
according to Höffding, become eventually the gods of polytheism: such a
spirit, so long as it is a fetich, is "the god of a moment," and must
come to be permanent if it is to attain to the ranks of the
polytheistic gods. But fetiches, even when their function becomes
permanent, remain fetiches and do not become gods. They do not even
become "departmental gods," for their powers are to further a man's
desires generally. On the other hand, they have personality, even if
they have not personal names. Finally, if, as Höffding believes, the
word "god" originally meant "he who is worshipped," and gods are
worshipped by the community, then fetiches, as they are nowhere
worshipped by the community, are in no case gods.
The function of the fetich is anti-social; of the gods, to promote the
well-being of the community. To maintain that a god is evolved out of
a fetich is to maintain that practices destructive of society have only
to be pushed far enough and they will prove the salvation of society .
. . 105-137
PRAYER
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