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An introduction to the study of fishesGünther, Albert C. L. G. (Albert Carl Ludwig Gotthilf)

Science

An introduction to the study of fishes

Name: An introduction to the study of fishes
Author: Günther, Albert C. L. G. (Albert Carl Ludwig Gotthilf)

Günther, Albert C. L. G. (Albert Carl Ludwig Gotthilf)

Fishes; Ichthyology

Fam. 1. Siluroidei.
     „  2. Cyprinoidei.
     „   3. Characini.
     „   4. Cyprinodontes.
     „   5. Mormyri.
     „   6. Esoces.
     „   7. Galaxiæ.
     „   8. Salmones.
     „   9. Scopelini.
     „  10. Clupeidæ.
     „  11. Heteropygii.


            Sub-ordo II.--Physostomi apodes s. anguillares.

    Fam. 12. Murænoidei.
     „   13. Gymnotini.
     „   14. Symbranchii.


                        Ordo V.--Plectognathi.

    Fam. 1. Balistini.
     „   2. Ostraciones.
     „   3. Gymnodontes.


                       Ordo VI.--Lophobranchii.

    Fam. 1. Lophobranchi.


                      Sub-classis III.--Ganoidei.

                          Ordo I.--Holostei.

    Fam. 1. Lepidosteini.
     „   2. Polypterini.


                        Ordo II.--Chondrostei.

    Fam. 1. Acipenserini,
     „   2. Spatulariæ.


              Sub-classis IV.--Elasmobranchi s. Selachii.

                         Ordo I.--Plagiostomi.

                        Sub-ordo I.--Squalidæ.

    Fam. 1. Scyllia.
     „   2. Nyctitantes.
     „   3. Lamnoidei.
     „   4. Alopeciæ.
     „   5. Cestraciones.
     „   6. Rhinodontes.
     „   7. Notidani.
     „   8. Spinaces.
     „   9. Scymnoidei.
     „  10. Squatinæ.


                         Sub-ordo II.--Rajidæ.

    Fam. 11. Squatinorajæ.
     „   12. Torpedines.
     „   13. Rajæ.
     „   14. Trygones.
     „   15. Myliobatides.
     „   16. Cephalopteræ.


                        Ordo II.--Holocephali.

    Fam. 1. Chimaeræ.


            Sub-classis V.--Marsipobranchii s. Cyclostomi.

                         Ordo I.--Hyperoartii.

    Fam. 1. Petromyzonini.


                        Ordo II.--Hyperotreti.

    Fam. 1. Myxinoidei.


                     Sub-classis VI.--Leptocardii.

                         Ordo I.--Amphioxini.

    Fam. 1. Amphioxini.

[Sidenote: Discovery of Ceratodus.]

The discovery (in the year 1871) of a living representative of a
genus hitherto believed to be long extinct, _Ceratodus_, threw
a new light on the affinities of Fishes. The author who had the good
fortune of examining this fish, was enabled to show that, on the one
hand, it was a form most closely allied to _Lepidosiren_; on the
other, that it could not be separated from the Ganoid fishes, and
therefore that also _Lepidosiren_ was a Ganoid: a relation pointed
at already by Huxley in a previous paper on “Devonian Fishes.” This
discovery led to further considerations[3] of the relative characters
of Müller’s sub-classes, and to the system which is followed in the
present work.

Having followed the development of the ichthyological system down to
the latest time, we have to retrace our steps to enumerate the most
important contributions to Ichthyology which appeared contemporaneously
with or subsequently to the publication of Cuvier and Valenciennes’s
great work. As in other branches of Zoology, activity increased almost
with every year; and for convenience’s sake we may arrange these works
in three rubrics.

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An introduction to the study of fishes

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