_Ethiopian Region._—The Ethiopian region is of great interest to the student of mammals, since it is inhabited by a number of forms remarkable for their large size. A considerable portion of the area consists of desert, especially in the north; but there is also a wide extent of grassy plains (veltd), as well as vast tracts of equatorial forests of great density. Perhaps the most striking feature in the Ethiopian fauna is the number of Ungulates, both of the Artiodactyle and Perissodactyle sections. In the former section we have the Giraffes (_Giraffa_) represented by one species, which is the type of a family, and is unknown elsewhere. Equally characteristic are the Hippopotami, which likewise form the type of a family, while the Pigs are represented by the Wart-hogs (_Phacochœrus_) and the River-hogs, forming an aberrant group of the genus _Sus_. The Oxen (_Bos_) are represented by Buffaloes, but there are no species of true Oxen or Bison. The Antelopes attain an extraordinary development, the number of species being estimated at from eighty to ninety, which are referred to a large number of genera, although several of these are more or less ill-defined. Most of these genera are peculiar to this region, but the Gazelles (_Gazella_) are also found in the desert regions of other parts of the Old World, and _Oryx_ ranges into Arabia and Persia. In contrast to this abundance of Antelopes is the total absence of the Deer family, or _Cervidæ_, which are so characteristic of the Palæarctic and Oriental regions. The Chevrotains or _Tragulidæ_ are, however, represented by _Dorcatherium_.[28] In the Perissodactyle section we may notice the presence of two species of _Rhinoceros_, both furnished with two horns, and distinguished from those of the Oriental region by the absence of incisor and canine teeth. The Horse family (_Equidæ_) is also represented by several species, and includes the peculiar group of Zebras, characterised by their beautifully striped skins. Of other Ungulates the Elephants, which, like the Rhinoceroses, are now peculiar to the Ethiopian and Oriental regions, have one species, which is widely different from its Indian congener. The Hyraces are mainly characteristic of this region, although one species occurs in Syria and Palestine. The Carnivora include some forms like the Lion, Leopard, and Jackal, common to the Oriental region, but likewise include certain peculiar types like the Earth-wolf (_Proteles_), which may be regarded as the type of a distinct family, and two species Hyænas, which are referred by some authorities to a distinct genus (_Crocuta_). There is also the Hunting dog (_Lycaon_), and the peculiar group of Foxes known as the Fennecs, together with _Otocyon_. Bears, Wolves, and true Foxes are absent; but Civets, etc., are abundant, although not characteristic of the region. The Primates yield several very characteristic types, such as the Gorilla and the Chimpanzee