_Galeopithecus_ (Flying Lemur) are peculiar to this region, although not found in India. Finally, in the Primates we have the genera _Macacus_ and _Semnopithecus_ very abundantly represented, although both also enter the Palæarctic region; but the Anthropoid types are confined to the south-eastern half of the region, and include the Orangs (_Simia_) of Borneo, and the smaller long-armed Gibbons (_Hylobates_), which are abundant in the Malay peninsula, both genera not being found beyond this region. The Lemurs are much less abundant than in the Ethiopian region, but they include the peculiar Tarsier of Sumatra, Borneo, and Celebes (Austro-Malayan region), which differs so markedly in dentition and structure of the feet from all other forms that it has been made the type of a separate family. The Edentates, so poorly represented in the Old World, include only Pangolins (_Manis_), which, as we have already seen, also occur in the Ethiopian region. _Australasian Region._—With the fourth or Australasian region we come to a mammalian fauna so peculiar that we have no difficulty whatever in defining it from all the other regions of the globe, although it should be observed that in the Austro-Malayan islands we have a partial mingling of the Australasian and Malayan faunas. If we exclude Celebes from this region we find that, with the exception of a Pig in New Guinea, of the Dingo in Australia, of numerous Mice and Rats (_Muridæ_), and Bats, there are no Eutherian mammals throughout the area. The mammals of this region are restricted to the Australian mainland, the island of Tasmania, New Guinea, and the Aru islands, the whole area of New Zealand having been totally devoid of mammalian life until introduced by man. The whole of the Monotremata, constituting the subclass Prototheria, and all the Marsupials, exclusive of the few outlying forms ranging into the transitional Austro-Malayan area, and with the exception of the American family of the Opossums (_Didelphyidæ_), are absolutely confined to this region. _Celebes._—The mammals of Celebes—the typical representative of the Austro-Malayan transitional region or sub-region—include the peculiar Ape known as _Cynopithecus_, _Tarsius_ (also Oriental), the Anoa, and the single species of _Babirusa_. Several other types of placental mammals are found in this transitional area, while the Marsupials are represented by _Phalanger_ and _Petaurus_.