The Tertiary North American forms described as _Moropus_ and _Morotherium_,[98] and originally regarded as Edentates, would appear to be aberrant Ungulates. _Family_ MYRMECOPHAGIDÆ. Externally clothed with hair. No teeth. Head elongated. Mouth tubular, with a small terminal aperture, through which the long, vermiform tongue, covered with the viscid secretion of the enormous submaxillary glands, is rapidly protruded in feeding, and withdrawn again with the adhering particles of aliment, which are then sucked into the pharynx. Clavicles rudimentary. In the manus, the third toe is greatly developed, and has a long falcate claw, the others are reduced or suppressed. The pes has four or five subequal digits with claws. Posterior dorsal and lumbar vertebræ, with additional interlocking zygapophyses. Tail long, sometimes prehensile. Uterus simple. Placenta dome-like or discoidal. Brain fairly convoluted, and with a large corpus callosum and anterior commissure. The animals of this family are the “Anteaters” _par excellence_. They feed exclusively on animal substances, mostly insects. One species is terrestrial, the others arboreal; none burrow in the ground. They are all inhabitants of the Neotropical region. The reproductive organs, as noticed on p. 181, are of the same general type as in the _Bradypodidæ_. _Myrmecophaga._[99]—Skull greatly elongated and narrow, its upper surface smooth and cylindriform. Anteriorly the face is produced into a long, tubular rostrum, rounded above and flattened below, with terminal nares, and composed of the mesethmoid ossified for more than half its length, the vomer, the maxillæ, and the long and narrow nasal bones, the premaxillæ being extremely short and confined to the margin of the anterior nares. The zygomatic arch is incomplete, the styliform jugal only articulating with the maxilla in front, and not reaching to the very short zygomatic process of the squamosal. The lachrymal foramen is in front of the margin of the orbit. There are no postorbital processes to the frontals, or any other demarcation between the orbits and the temporal fossæ. Palate extremely elongated, and produced backwards as far as the level of the external auditory meatus by the meeting in the middle line of the largely developed pterygoids. The glenoid fossa a shallow oval facet, with its long diameter from before backwards. Mandible very long and slender with an exceedingly short symphysis, no distinct coronoid process, and a slightly elevated, elongated, flattened, condylar articular surface. Vertebræ: C 7, D 15-16, L 3-2, S 6, C 31. Clavicles rudimentary. In the manus the first digit is very slender, the second also slender, with compressed phalanges of nearly equal length. The third digit is immensely developed; though its proximal phalanx is extremely short, its ungual phalanx is so long that the entire length of the digit exceeds that of the second. The fourth has a long and rather