bound together by other epidermic cells, that constitute the smooth cortical (so-called “enamel”) surface of the blade, which, disintegrating at the free edge, allows the individual fibres to become loose and assume the hair-like appearance before spoken of. These fibres differ from hairs in not being formed in depressed follicles in the enderon, but rather resemble the fibres composing the horn of the Rhinoceros. The whalebone in fact consists of nothing more than modified papillæ of the buccal mucous membrane, with an excessive and cornified epithelial development. The blades are supported and bound together for a certain distance from their base by a mass of less hardened epithelium, secreted by the surface of the palatal membrane or matrix of the whalebone in the intervals of the lamellar processes. This is the “intermediate substance” of Hunter, the “gum” of the whalers. Baleen varies much in colour in different species. In some it is almost jet black, in others slate-colour, horn-colour, yellow, or even creamy-white. In some the blades are variegated with longitudinal strips of different hues. Baleen differs also greatly in other respects, being short, thick, coarse, and stiff in some, and greatly elongated and highly elastic in those species in which it has attained its fullest development. Its function is to strain the water from the small marine molluscs, crustaceans, or fish upon which the Whales subsist. In feeding the immense mouth is filled with water containing shoals of these small creatures, and then, on the Whale closing the jaws and raising the tongue, so as to diminish the cavity of the mouth, the water streams out through the narrow intervals between the hairy fringe of the whalebone blades, and escapes through the lips, leaving the living prey to be swallowed.[130] Our knowledge of the different structural modifications attained by members of this important group of mammals, though largely increased of late years, is still imperfect. Formerly they were all divided into Right Whales (_Balæna_) and Rorquals or Fin-Whales (_Balænoptera_), the latter distinguished by their smaller heads, elongated and slender form, free cervical vertebræ, tetradactylous manus, and the presence of very conspicuous longitudinal furrows or folds in the skin of the throat and chest, and of a small adipose dorsal fin. Recent discoveries have, however, brought to light several forms holding a somewhat intermediate position, and presenting combinations of characters not found in either of the longer known sections. According to our present knowledge the group is naturally divided into five very distinct genera, of which the leading characters are given below.