An introduction to the study of mammals living and extinctLydekker, Richard
Science
An introduction to the study of mammals living and extinct
Lydekker, Richard
Mammals
A closely similar if not identical species from the American coast of the
North Pacific has been described under the name of _Phocæna vomerina_,
and another from the mouth of the Rio de la Plata as _P. spinipennis_.
[Illustration: FIG. 94.—Diagrammatic section of the stomach of the
Porpoise. _a_, Œsophagus; _b_, left, or cardiac, compartment; _c_, middle
compartment; _d_ and _e_, the two divisions of the right, or pyloric,
compartment; _f_, pylorus; _g_, duodenum, dilated at its commencement;
_h_, biliary duct.]
The stomach of the Porpoise (Fig. 94) may be taken as a typical
example of this organ in the Cetacea. The first and by far the largest
compartment (_b_) may be regarded as a kind of crop, or dilatation of
the large œsophagus (_a_). It is lined by a thick white epithelium,
which ceases abruptly at the entrance into the next cavity. It
corresponds to the cardiac compartment of the stomach in the Ungulates
and certain Rodents; but, although its walls do not appear to contain
peptic glands, its contents undergo partial digestion—probably caused
by the regurgitation into it of the secretions of the second, or true
digestive compartment (_c_). This, which is much smaller than the first,
has very thick walls, the mucous membrane being filled with numerous
tubular glands. The surface of this membrane is smooth and soft, being
thrown into numerous folds, which in this genus are arranged in a very
peculiar and characteristic manner, so as to form a series of prominent
longitudinal ridges, each of which sends off short lateral ridges at
right angles to itself, which interdigitate with those proceeding from
the next longitudinal ridge. The remainder of the stomach (_d_ to _f_)
may be compared to the pyloric antrum of the stomach of ordinary mammals.
It is elongated, cylindrical, and intestiniform, with a smooth lining
membrane, sharply bent upon itself, and terminating in a very small
circular pyloric aperture (_f_). In the Porpoise the commencement of
this cavity is constricted off from the remainder, so as to form a small
globular sac. In most Dolphins (as _Tursiops_, _Globicephalus_, and
_Grampus_) there are two such small sacs of very similar size and form,
communicating by circular pylorus-like apertures; and in _Hyperoödon_ the
whole compartment is divided by a series of constrictions into as many as
seven separate cavities, which have been regarded as distinct stomachs.
Immediately beyond the pylorus the duodenum has a globular dilatation, as
in the camels and some other Ungulates, into the lower end of which the
biliary duct (_h_) enters.
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