An introduction to the study of mammals living and extinctLydekker, Richard
Science
An introduction to the study of mammals living and extinct
Lydekker, Richard
Mammals
The type of this well-marked genus is _G. melas_, the Pilot Whale, Ca’ing
Whale, or Grindhval of the Faroe islanders, which attains the length of
20 feet, and is of nearly uniform black colour, except the middle of the
under surface, which is lighter. These animals are extremely gregarious,
and, unlike the Killers, are mild and inoffensive in disposition, feeding
principally on cephalopods. Their eminently sociable character constantly
leads to their destruction, since when attacked they instinctively rush
together and blindly follow the leaders of the herd. When they are seen
in the neighbourhood of land, the fishermen endeavour to get to seaward
of them in their boats, and with shouting and firing of guns to drive
them into a bay or fjord, pursuing them until they run themselves on
shore in their alarm. In this way many hundreds at a time are frequently
driven ashore and killed, when a herd enters one of the bays or fjords of
the Faroe Islands or north of Scotland. Animals of this well-marked genus
are found in nearly all seas, and their specific distinctions are not yet
made out. Specimens from the Australian coasts, where they are generally
called “Black-fish,” are quite indistinguishable, either by external or
osteological characters, from those of the North Atlantic.
[Illustration: FIG. 96.—The left periotic bone of _Globicephalus
uncidens_; from the Suffolk Crag. Natural size. The grooved surface on
the right is the anterior facet for articulation with the tympanic; the
posterior tympanic articulation being on the opposite side of the figure.
(From the _Cat. Foss. Mamm. Brit. Mus._ pt. v.)]
Teeth, periotic (Fig. 96) and tympanic bones from the Suffolk Crag,
described as _G. uncidens_, indicate a form apparently closely allied to
the existing species. The periotic is figured in order to illustrate the
distinctive characters of that bone in the _Delphinidæ_.
_Grampus._[165]—Teeth none in the upper jaw; in the mandible few (3 to
7 on each side), and confined to the region of the symphysis. Vertebræ:
C 7, D 12, L 19, C 30; total 68. General external characters much as in
_Globicephalus_, but the fore part of the head less rounded, and the
pectoral fin less elongated.
But one species, _G. griseus_, is certainly known, about 13 feet long,
and remarkable for its great variability of colour. It has been found,
though rarely, in the North Atlantic and Mediterranean. A skull from the
Cape of Good Hope, which differs slightly from that of the above, has
been described under the name of _G. richardsoni_.
_Feresia._[166]—This genus, known at present only by two skulls, may be
provisionally placed here. These appear to indicate a form connecting
_Globicephalus_, _Grampus_, and _Lagenorhynchus_. From the latter they
differ chiefly in the smaller number (about ¹²⁄₁₂) and much larger size
(6-7 mm. in diameter at base of crown) of the teeth.
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