An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh EpicJastrow, Morris
General
An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic
Jastrow, Morris
Epic poetry, Assyro-Babylonian
Lines 168-170 describe the forging of the various parts of the
lances for the two heroes. The _sipru_ is the spear point Muss-Arnolt,
_Assyrian Dictionary_, p. 886b; the _isid patri_ is clearly the "hilt,"
and the _meselitum_ I therefore take as the "blade" proper. The word
occurs here for the first time, so far as I can see. For 30 minas,
see Assyrian version, Tablet VI, 189, as the weight of the two horns
of the divine bull. Each axe weighing 3 _biltu_, and the lance with
point and hilt 3 _biltu_ we would have to assume 4 _biltu_ for each
_pasu_, so as to get a total of 10 _biltu_ as the weight of the weapons
for each hero. The lance is depicted on seal cylinders representing
Gilgamesh and Enkidu, for example, Ward, _Seal Cylinders_, No. 199,
and also in Nos. 184 and 191 in the field, with the broad hilt;
and in an enlarged form in No. 648. Note the clear indication of the
hilt. The two figures are Gilgamesh and Enkidu--not two Gilgameshes,
as Ward assumed. See above, page 34. A different weapon is the club or
mace, as seen in Ward, Nos. 170 and 173. This appears also to be the
weapon which Gilgamesh holds in his hand on the colossal figure from
the palace of Sargon (Jastrow, _Civilization of Babylonia and Assyria_,
Pl. LVII), though it has been given a somewhat grotesque character by
a perhaps intentional approach to the scimitar, associated with Marduk
(see Ward, _Seal Cylinders_, Chap. XXVII). The exact determination of
the various weapons depicted on seal-cylinders merits a special study.
Line 181. Begins a speech of Huwawa, extending to line 187, reported
to Gish by the elders (line 188-189), who add a further warning to
the youthful and impetuous hero.
Line 183. _lu-uk-sú-su_ (also l. 186), from _akâsu_, "drive on" or
"lure on," occurs on the Pennsylvania tablet, line 135, _uk-ki-si_,
"lure on" or "entrap," which Langdon erroneously renders "take away"
and thereby misses the point completely. See the comment to the line
of the Pennsylvania tablet in question.
Line 192. On the phrase _sanû bunu_, "change of countenance," in the
sense of "enraged," see the note to the Pennsylvania tablet, l.31.
Line 194. _nu-ma-at_ occurs in a tablet published by Meissner,
_Altbabyl. Privatrecht_, No. 100, with _bît abi_, which shows that the
total confine of a property is meant; here, therefore, the "interior"
of the forest or heart. It is hardly a "by-form" of _nuptum_ as
Muss-Arnolt, _Assyrian Dictionary_, p. 690b, and others have supposed,
though _nu-um-tum_ in one passage quoted by Muss-Arnolt, _ib._ p. 705a,
may have arisen from an aspirate pronunciation of the _p_ in _nubtum_.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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