II. THE EVER-PRESENT DANGERS OF THE SEA 19 III. EVERY SHIP ITS OWN LIFEBOAT 35 IV. SAFETY LIES IN SUBDIVISION 51 V. THE UNSINKABLE _GREAT EASTERN_ OF 1858 69 VI. THE SINKABLE _TITANIC_ 91 VII. HOW THE GREAT SHIP WENT DOWN 116 VIII. WARSHIP PROTECTION AGAINST RAM, MINE, AND TORPEDO 136 IX. WARSHIP PROTECTION AS APPLIED TO SOME OCEAN LINERS 161 X. CONCLUSIONS 179 ILLUSTRATIONS Stoke-Hole of a Transatlantic Liner _Frontispiece_ PAGE Riveting the Outer Skin on the Frames of a 65,000-Ton Ocean Liner 3 Growth of the Transatlantic Steamer from 1840 to 1912 7 Receiving Submarine Signals on the Bridge 13 Taking the Temperature of the Water 17 Fire-Drill on a German Liner: Stewards are Closing Door in Fire-Protection Bulkhead 21 Fire-Drill on a German Liner: Hose from Bellows Supplies Fresh Air to Man with Smoke Helmet 25 Fire-Drill on a German Liner: Test of Fire-Mains is Made Every Time the Ship is in Port 29 The 44,000-Ton, 25½-Knot _Lusitania_ 37 Provisioning the Boats During a Boat Drill 43 Loading and Lowering Boats, Stowed Athwartships 43 The Elaborate Installation of Telegraphs, Telephones, Voice-Tubes, etc., on the Bridge of an Ocean Liner 47 Hydraulically-operated, Watertight Door in an Engine-Room Bulkhead 53 Diagram Showing Protective Value of Transverse and Longitudinal Bulkheads, Watertight Decks, and Inner Skin 57 Closing, from the Bridge, All Watertight Doors Throughout the Ship by Pulling a Lever 63 _Great Eastern_, 1858; Most Completely Protected Passenger Ship Ever Built 71 Longitudinal Section and Plan of the _Great Eastern_, 1858 77 Two Extremes in Protection, and a Compromise 83 _Great Eastern_, Lying at Foot of Canal Street, North River, New York 87 Fifty Years' Decline in Safety Construction 93 _Olympic_, Sister to _Titanic_, reaching New York on Maiden Voyage 97 The Framing and Some of the Deck Beams of the _Imperator_, as Seen from Inside the Bow, Before the Outside Plating is Riveted On 103