"The space is triangular, _because_ it is bounded by three straight lines." "The space is bounded by three straight lines, _therefore_ it is triangular." In each of these three propositions, there are two predications; the one of which is dependent on the other. The dependence is that of necessary consequence. The triangularity is the consequence of being bounded by three straight lines. In order to have names for two Predications thus related, we may call the one the _conditioning_, the other the _conditioned_. In the above instances, "The space is bounded by three straight lines," is the _conditioning_ {216} predication; "The space is triangular," is the _conditioned_. There are two states of the conditioning predication; one, in which it is contingent; another, in which it is positive. Observe, now, the simple contrivance for marking the dependence of the _conditioned_ upon the _conditioning_ predication, in all the above cases. In the first of the examples, "The space is triangular, _if_ it is bounded by three straight lines," the _conditioning_ predication is contingent. The word _if_, which is equivalent to _give_,[64] prefixed to the conditioning predication, marks it both as the conditioning predication, and as contingent. [Findlater's footnote 64: That _if_ has no connection with _give_, is manifest from the cognate forms; Goth. _jabai_, Frisic _jef_, Ang. Sax. _gif_, Old Ger. _ibu_, Lettish _ja_, all meaning primarily "in which or in that case, or supposition." "_Jabai_--from which the other Germanic forms are descended--appears to have originally been a dative or instrumental case of _ja_, analogous to _tubya_ = Latin _tibi_: compare _ibi_, _ubi_, Gr. [Greek: bi/ê|phi], Slavonic _tebje_ = tibi."--Garnett.--_F._] In the second of the examples, "The space is triangular, because it is bounded by three straight lines," the _conditioning_ predication is positive; the word _because_ (having the meaning of, _cause be_, or _cause is_)[65] prefixed to it, marks it as at once the conditioning predication, and also positive. If _for_ had been the {217} mark instead of because, the artifice would have been still the same, as _for_ has the meaning of _cause_. [Findlater's footnote 65: The syllable _be_, in "because," "before," &c., is the simple preposition _by_, Sans. _abhi_, Gr. [Greek: epi\], "near," "close to." _Therefore_ is _for that_; in which _for_ is a preposition, meaning primarily "position in front," and thence, by metaphor, the relation of motive or cause.--_F._]