Besides looking out for the accurate presentation of the passages quoted from Tucker, I have kept watch of the correctness of the subject-matter. Whatever seemed to me to represent Tucker's book unfairly, either by misrepresenting his doctrine or by misapplying the quotations, has been corrected by a note. This will be useful to the reader not only by giving him a better Tucker, but also by giving a sample from which he may judge what amount of fault the followers of Kropotkin or Tolstoi or the rest would be likely to find with the chapters devoted to them. The merely popular reader will probably get the impression that Eltzbacher is really a rather unreliable man. The competent student, who knows what must be looked out for in all work of this sort, will have his confidence in Eltzbacher increased by seeing how little of serious fault appears in such a search. The index is compiled independently for this translation. Omitting such entries as merely duplicate the utility of the table of contents, and making an effort to head every entry with the word under which the reader will actually seek it, I hope I have bettered Eltzbacher's index; and I hope the index will be not only a place-finder but a help toward the appreciation of the Anarchistic teachings. I have not in general undertaken to criticise those features of the book which embody Eltzbacher's own opinions. Whether it was in fact right to select these seven men as the touchstone of Anarchism,--whether Eltzbacher is right in discussing the definition of the State as he does, or whether he might better simply have taken as authoritative that definition which has legal force in international law,--whether he ought to have added any other feature to his book,--are points on which the reader does not care for my judgment, nor am I eager to express a judgment. Having had to work over the book very carefully in detail, I have felt entitled to express an opinion as to how well Eltzbacher has done the work that he did choose to do; I have also told what work I as translator claim to have done; and it is time this preface ended. STEVEN T. BYINGTON. _Ballardvale, Mass., August 28, 1907._ BOOKS REFERRED TO BY ABBREVIATED TITLES Adler, "Handwoerterbuch" = GEORG ADLER, "Anarchismus," in _Handwoerterbuch der Staatswissenschaften_, 2d ed. (Jena 1898), vol. 1 pp. 296-327. Adler, "Nord und Sued" = GEORG ADLER, "Die Lehren der Anarchisten," in _Nord und Sued_ (Breslau) vol. 32 (1885) pp. 371-83. Ba. "Articles" = "Articles ecrits par Bakounine dans l'Egalite de 1869," in _Memoire presente par la federation jurassienne de l'Association internationale des travailleurs a toutes les federations de l'Internationale_ (Sonvillier, n. d.), "Pieces justificatives" pp. 68-114. Ba. "Briefe" = "Briefe Bakunins," in Dragomanoff (see below) pp. 1-272. Ba. "Dieu" = MICHEL BAKOUNINE, _Dieu et l'Etat_, 2d ed. (Paris 1892).