Excretory apparatus of the liver 114 26. The abdominal aorta and its branches 116 27. The peritoneum 120 28. The arch of the aorta and its branches 126 29. The internal carotid and vertebral arteries 127 30. The circle of Willis 128 31. The arteries of the face and scalp 129 32. The external carotid and its branches 129 33. The anterior tibial artery 130 34. The popliteal, posterior tibial, and peroneal arteries 130 35. Capillaries 133 36. Superficial veins of the head and neck 135 37. The internal long saphenous vein 136 38. The superficial veins of the arm 137 39. Vertical section of the skull, showing the sinuses of the duramater 138 40. The sinuses at the base of the skull 139 41. The azygos system and the venae cavae with branches 141 42. The front view of the heart 143 43. The back view of the heart 143 44. Plan of the foetal circulation 145 45. Collateral anastomosis of veins 147 46. The arteries of the neck 226 47. The axillary artery and its branches 232 48. The brachial artery 235 49. The radial and ulnar arteries 240 50. The femoral artery 243 PART I. HISTORY OF EMBALMING Ancient Embalming CHAPTER I. HISTORY OF EMBALMING. =Guanch Embalming.=—The Guanches with the Egyptians are the only nation among whom embalming had become national, and there exists in the process and mode of preservation of both such striking analogy, that the study of the Guanch mummies is, probably, the surest means of arriving at some positive notions of their origin and relationship. The details known of the mode of embalming among the Guanches will enlighten and complete the descriptions that ancient authors have left to us of the Egyptian processes. They were silent on desiccation in the act of mummification, but it is to be regarded as a simple omission on their part. This desiccation was continued during the seventy days of preparation, and it constituted the principle part of the process adopted. The details that I am about to give are extracted from the work of M. Bory de Saint Vincent on the fortunate Isles.