In the early days, when the fluids were likely to be inadequate to care for certain conditions, the question as to which fluid is to be used was the principal care of the embalmer. Today, when the standard fluids are of the highest possible efficiency, it is a question of knowledge and technic on the part of the embalmer; it being a recognized fact that there is only about 1 chance in 1,000 for a standard fluid to contain inferior elements. In this way we may state that the burden of obtaining success has been shifted from the fluid, to the man using it; and it is then unnecessary to state that the best preparation along the line of education for the embalmer is advised, so that by his knowledge, he may do what he is expected to do by the people whom he is serving. PART II. ANATOMY Anatomy The word anatomy is derived from two Greek words, meaning, to cut apart, which literally means dissection. Anatomy is used to indicate the study of the physical structure of organized bodies. _Anatomy_ is the science of organization or the science of organic structure. Human anatomy is divided into two great divisions, known as (a) general or descriptive anatomy and (b) surgical or regional anatomy. _Descriptive anatomy_ deals with the separate parts of the human body. _Histology_ is that part of descriptive anatomy where the separate parts of the human body are studied by means of the microscope. _Osteology_ is that part of descriptive anatomy describing the number, form, structure and uses of bone. _Myology_ is that part of descriptive anatomy which treats of muscles. _Neurology_ is that part of descriptive anatomy which treats of nerves. _Syndesmology_ is that part of descriptive anatomy which treats of ligaments. _Angiology_ is that part of descriptive anatomy which treats of the blood-vessels and lymphatics. _Surgical or regional anatomy_ describes the relation which certain parts,—muscles, nerves, arteries, etc.,—bear to each other. CHAPTER IV. HISTOLOGY. =Definition.=—Histology is that part of descriptive anatomy which treats of the intimate structure of the tissues as seen under the microscope. Histology as taught in most professional schools constitutes a one year's course, but for the embalmer this is not entirely necessary and with the short term of schooling now existing it is quite impossible, but certain of the fundamental principles of histology are important. For this reason a few of the more important tissues have been discussed, not, however, in great detail, but only superficially, merely to have the embalmer acquainted with them. =A Cell.=—A cell is defined as a nucleated mass of protoplasm endowed with the attributes of life. _Protoplasm_ is the name applied to the semi-fluid, granular substance contained within the cell. The simplest forms of animal life are organisms consisting of only one cell which are called _protozoa_. Cells having similar shape and similar functions are grouped to form tissues.