Anatomy and Embalming: A Treatise on the Science and Art of Embalming, the Latest and Most Successful Methods of Treatment and the General Anatomy Relating to this SubjectNunnamaker, Albert John
Science
Anatomy and Embalming: A Treatise on the Science and Art of Embalming, the Latest and Most Successful Methods of Treatment and the General Anatomy Relating to this Subject
Nunnamaker, Albert John
Embalming
In those vessels which have their origin in the wall of the small
intestines, the contained fluid has, especially during digestion, a
more or less milky appearance, owing to the lymphocytes being loaded
with particles of fat which they have taken up from the intestinal
contents. On this account, these vessels are usually spoken of as
lacteals, although it must be recognized that they are merely portions
of the general lymphatic system.
In certain respects the vessels of the system strongly resemble
the veins. They arise from a capillary network, their walls have a
structure closely resembling that of the veins, they are abundantly
supplied with valves, and it may be said that the fluid which they
contain flows from the tissues towards the subclavian veins. With
these similarities there are combined marked differences. One of the
most important of these consists in the fact that the capillaries of
the lymphatics are closed and do not communicate with any other set of
vessels as the venous capillaries do with the arterial; and another
important difference is to be found in the frequent occurrence upon
the lymphatic vessels of characteristic enlargements, the so-called
lymphatic nodes or glands, quite different from anything occurring in
connection with the veins.
Throughout the body spaces of varying size are found, containing a
clear, more or less watery fluid, which are called lymph spaces. These
spaces do not communicate with the capillaries of the lymphatics, but
are in such close relationship with them that the fluid easily finds
its way into the lymph capillaries by osmosis, absorption, lymphocytes
going out into these spaces and returning filled with the lymph fluid.
The lymphatic capillaries, which are arranged in the form of networks
of very different degrees of fineness and complexity, closely resemble
in structure the blood capillaries, their walls consisting of a
single layer of endothelial cells. They differ from those of the blood
vascular system not only in their ultimate branches being closed, but
also in their general appearance. They are of greater caliber.
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