Anatomy and Embalming: A Treatise on the Science and Art of Embalming, the Latest and Most Successful Methods of Treatment and the General Anatomy Relating to this SubjectNunnamaker, Albert John
Science
Anatomy and Embalming: A Treatise on the Science and Art of Embalming, the Latest and Most Successful Methods of Treatment and the General Anatomy Relating to this Subject
Nunnamaker, Albert John
Embalming
The lymph vessels, which issue from the capillary networks and convey
the lymph ultimately to the subclavian veins, have the arrangement
closely resembling that of the veins; the larger ones are usually
situated alongside and accompany the course of the blood vessels.
Just as the veins unite to form larger trunks as they pass from the
capillaries toward their termination, so, too, the lymphatics, but the
lymphatics present two peculiarities which distinguish them from the
veins. They do not anastomose as abundantly as veins and there is not
the same proportional increase in the size of the lymphatic vessel. The
left trunk or thoracic duct is much larger than the right, beginning
in the abdominal region and traversing the entire length of the thorax
to reach its destination. It receives all the lymph returned from the
lower limbs, the pelvic walls and viscera, the abdominal walls and
viscera, the lower part of the right half and the whole of the left
half of the thoracic viscera, the left side of the neck and head,
and the left arm. The other trunk, the right lymphatic duct, is very
short and sometimes wanting. It receives the lymph from the upper part
of the right side of the thoracic wall, from the right half of the
thoracic viscera and the upper surface of the liver, the right side
of the neck and head, and from the right arm. The structure of the
larger lymphatic vessels is similar to the veins, but, as a rule, their
walls are thinner than those of the veins of corresponding caliber and
their valves are more numerous. The walls of the most robust trunks,
particularly those of the thoracic duct, consist of three coats. From
within outward these are: (a) the intima, composed of the endothelial
lining and the fibro-subendothelial layer; (b) the media, made up of
involuntary muscle interspersed with fibro-elastic tissue; and (c) the
adventitia, consisting of fibro-elastic tissue and longitudinal bundles
of involuntary muscle.
Lymphatic nodes are scattered along the course of the lymphatic
vessels, found in various regions of the body as elliptical flattened
nodules of varying size. The embalmer will meet with these in the
axillary and inguinal regions, or when he is raising the axillary or
femoral arteries.
PART III.
EMBALMING
Embalming
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