3. =Lymphatics of the Thoracic Limbs.=--The lymphatics of the forelimbs
begin as a number of vessels on the dorsum and palm of the hand. These
all pass toward the radial side, and at about the base of the first
metacarpal the vessels from both sides of the hand unite to form two or
three main trunks. These pass towards the elbow, accompanying the vena
cephalica (Fig. 130). There are usually two of these main trunks, one
lying on each side of the vena cephalica. They accompany this vein over
the shoulder, following that portion which finally joins the external
jugular. In the hollow of the shoulder they enter the =cervical
lymph-glands=, one or two lymph-glands imbedded in the fat lying beneath
the clavotrapezius and levator scapulæ ventralis in this region. From
the cervical lymph-glands a single trunk passes mediocaudad, unites with
the lymphatics from the head, and usually (on the left side) with the
cranial end of the thoracic duct, and enters the external jugular vein
at its junction with the subclavian. The common trunk from the head and
arm may enter the jugular separately, but close to the termination of
the thoracic duct. On the right side the common trunk is joined by one
or more small vessels coming from the lymphatic glands of the thorax and
forming the right lymphatic duct.
There is said to be also a deep system of lymphatics in the arm, in
addition to the superficial system above described; this is said to
accompany the branches of the brachial vein. If this system is present
in the cat, it is much less easily demonstrated than the superficial
system.
4. =Lymphatics of the Thorax and Abdomen.=--In the thorax are a number
of lymphatic glands which are apparently not constant in number and
position. One is commonly found dorsad of the bifurcation of the
superior vena cava, one ventrad of the mammary vein, several small ones
about the bifurcation of the trachea, one or more in the region of the
aortic arch, and a number of small ones scattered in the mediastinum.
The vessels from these glands finally join either the right lymphatic
duct or the thoracic duct; the details have not been worked out and are
probably variable.
In the abdominal cavity a number of =mesenteric= glands, of considerable
size, are found in the mesentery and in the mesocolon. In the mesocolon
these are usually separate, forming a chain of glands following the
colon about one and a half centimeters from it. In the mesentery the
glands are mostly united into a very large one, formerly known as the
=pancreas aselli=; this is the largest lymph-gland in the body. It is a
curved structure, four or five centimeters in length, lying in the
central region of the mesentery.
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