Bottom of an Aguada 146 46. Subterranean Reservoir 147 47. Plan of the Walls of Tuloom 148 48. Watch-tower at Tuloom 149 49. Specimen of Inscriptions on Stone 190 50. Specimen of the Manuscript Writing 191 51. Ancient Masonry at Cuzco 227 52. Ruins of a “Temple” on the Island of Titicaca 228 53. Ruin on the Island of Titicaca 229 54. Ruin on the Island of Coati 231 55. Monolithic Gateway at Tiahuanaco 233 56. Remains of Fortress Walls at Cuzco 234 57. End View of Fortress Walls at Cuzco 235 58. End View of Walls at Gran-Chimu 238 59. } Decorations at Chimu-Canchu 238 60. } 61. Edifice at Old Huanuco 239 62. Ground Plan of the Edifice 240 63. “Look-out” at Old Huanuco 240 64. Ruins at Pachacamac 242 65. Peruvian Copper Knives 249 66. Copper Tweezers 249 67. Golden Vase of Ancient Peru 251 68. Ancient Peruvian Silver Vase 251 69. Ancient Peruvian Pottery 252 70. Ancient Peruvian Pottery 253 ANCIENT AMERICA. I. THE MOUND-BUILDERS. One of the most learned writers on American antiquities, a Frenchman, speaking of discoveries in Peru, exclaims, “America is to be again discovered! We must remove the veil in which Spanish politics has sought to bury its ancient civilization!” In this case, quite as much is due to the ignorance, indifference, unscrupulous greed, and religious fanaticism of the Spaniards, as to Spanish politics. The gold-hunting marauders who subjugated Mexico and Peru could be robbers and destroyers, but they were not qualified in any respect to become intelligent students of American antiquity. What a select company of investigators, such as could be organized in our time, might have done in Mexico and Central America, for instance, three hundred and fifty years ago, is easily understood. In what they did, and in what they failed to do, the Spaniards who went there acted in strict accordance with such character as they had; and yet we are not wholly without obligation to some of the more intelligent Spaniards connected with the Conquest.