_Alarm_, first copper-sheathed frigate, 128 Alfred the Great founds English Navy, 56 American clipper, the _Great Republic_, 1853..150 ----, ----, the _Ocean Herald_, 1855..150 ----, clippers, speeds attained by, 150 ----, cotton-ship, the _Bazaar_, 148, 149 ----, frigates, superiority of, in 1812..133 ----, transatlantic sailing-packet the _Sir John Franklin_, 1840..148 Anchors, first use of capstans for weighing, 101 _Ark_, Elizabethan warship, 98 Ark, Noah's, account of, 6 Armada, Spanish, account of, 97 Artillery, effect of introduction on designs of ships, 77 ----, first use of, by Venetians on board ship, 77 ----, first use of, in naval warfare, 76, 77. _See also_ GUNS _Artois_ and _Aigle_, French frigates of 1781, dimensions of, 129 Athenian docks, dimensions of, 41 _Aurore_, French frigate of 1757, dimensions of, 128 B Baltimore clippers, 147 Barge, Egyptian, used for transporting obelisks down Nile, 21 _Bazaar_, American cotton-ship, 148, 149 Bireme, Greek, of about 500 B.C., 31 ----, ----, of about 800 B.C., 157. ----, Roman, 44 _See also_ GALLEYS Boat, Egyptian, of the third dynasty, 12 ----, ----, of the fourth dynasty, 14 Boats, Egyptian, in time of Herodotus, 24 ----, ----, of the sixth dynasty, 14 ----, ----, of the twelfth dynasty now in existence, 25 ----, of the ancient Britons, 55 Bomb-ketches, introduction of, 118 _Brilliant_, English frigate of 1757, dimensions of, 128 _Britannia_, warship of Charles II., 114, 116 Britons, boats of, 55 Buccas, or busses, 67 C Cabins, first mention of, on English ships, 73 Cables, use of, for girding ancient ships, 52 Cabot's voyages to America, 89 _Cairngorm_, clipper, 153 _Caledonia_, English first-rate of 1805..133 Canynge of Bristol, shipowner of the fifteenth century, 84 Capstans first used for weighing anchors, 101 Caravels, 84, 88, 91 Carracks in the fifteenth century, 81 ----, in the sixteenth century, 96 ----, Spanish and Portuguese, end of the sixteenth century, 101 Carthaginian naval expedition against Greek colonies, 30 Caulking of ancient galleys, 53 Chain-pumps, introduction of, 101 _Challenger_, first English clipper, 153 Charles I., warships of, 108 Charles II., warships of, 114 Classification of ships in time of Henry V., 80 Clipper, American, the _Great Republic_, 1853..150 ----, ----, the _Ocean Herald_, 1855..150 ----, the _Cairngorm_, 153 ----, the _Lord of the Isles_, 153 Clippers, Aberdeen, 153 ----, American, speeds attained by, 150 ----, Baltimore, 147 ----, English, 153 _et seq_. Columbus' ships, 87 _et seq_. _Commerce de Marseille_, French first-rate of 1792, particulars of, 131 Commerce of England in reign of Henry III., 69 ----, ----, in reign of Edward IV., 85 Commonwealth, naval expenditure under, 114 ----, naval wars of, 112