----, ----, timber used in construction of, 50 ----, arrangement of rowers in, 43, 47 ----, Greek and Roman, details of construction of, 40 _et seq._ ----, Greek, rams of, 31, 52, 53 ----, Liburnian, 37 ----, many-banked, arrangement of oars in, 47 ----, ----, disused after Actium, 37 ----, ----, use of, by Ptolemies, 37 ----, ----, use of, in Greece, 35 ----, reasons for arrangement of oars in banks, 42 ----, Roman, use of lead sheathing in, 53 ----, ----, use of turrets in, 54 ----, ----, used against Carthaginians, 36 ----, speeds of, 48, 50 ----, use of decks in, 28, 34, 36, 43, 44, 157, 160 ----, use of sails in, 43 ----, used by Alexander the Great, 35 ----, Venetian, number of rowers to oars of, 47 ----, with four banks of oars, use of, by Athenians, 35 ----, with five banks of oars, use of, by Athenians and Syracusans, 35 _See also_ UNIREMES, BIREMES, TRIREMES, QUINQUEREMES, PENTECONTERS Genoese ship built for France, 1268, 73 _Great Republic_, American clipper, 1853, 150 Greece, ancient, shipbuilding in, 28 ----, favourable geographical situation of, for navigation, 28 Greek bireme of about 800 B.C., 157 ----, bireme of about 500 B.C., 31 ----, galley without deck, 33 ----, galleys, rams of, 31, 52, 53 Greek merchant-ship of about 500 B.C., 38 ----, penteconters, 35 ----, triremes, crews of, 42 ----, ----, details of, 41 ----, unireme of about 500 B.C., 31 Greeks (ancient), naval expeditions of, 29 Guns, naval, time of Henry VIII., 95 _See also_ ARTILLERY, NAVAL GUNS H Hatshepsu's expedition to the land of Punt, 18 _Henry Grace a Dieu_, warship of Henry VIII., 93 Henry V., classification of ships of, 81 ----, fleet of, for invasion of France, 82 ----, naval development in reign of, 80 Henry VI., ship of reign of, 83 Henry VII., naval development in reign of, 92 Henry VIII., naval guns in time of, 95 ----, warships of, 93 Herodotus, account of Egyptian boats by, 24 _Hibernia_, battleship of 1790, particulars of, 129 _Hollandia_, Dutch warship of 1683..116 _Howe_, English first-rate of 1815..135 I _Invincible_, French warship of 1747..126 Italian fifteenth century ship, 79 J James I. appoints Commission to inquire into state of Navy, 104 ----, development of merchant shipping under, 108 ----, warships of, 104 _et seq._ L _La Blanche Nef_, loss of, 67 Lancaster's expedition to East Indies, 100 La Rochelle, naval battle of, in 1372..77 Lead-sheathing, use of, in Roman galleys, 53 Lepanto, naval battle of, 103 L'Espagnols-sur-Mer, naval battle of, 77 Liburnian galleys, 37 _Lord of the Isles_, Greenock clipper, 153 Libyan boats in ancient Egypt, 9 M _Madre de Dios_, Portuguese carrack, 101 _Marie la Cordeliere_, French warship, 1512..93 Maritime expedition round Africa sent out by Nekau, 24