----, ----, to land of Punt, 16, 18 ----, ----, Elizabethan, 99 _See also_ NAVAL EXPEDITIONS, NAVAL WARS Masting of warships in Tudor period, 95 Masts of ancient Egyptian boats, 13 Mediaeval ships, 65 _et seq._ Mercantile Marine of Great Britain in first half of the nineteenth century, 145 Merchant shipping, development of, under James I., 108 ----, ----, foreign, end of the sixteenth century, 101 ----, ships, ancient, 38 ----, ----, Elizabethan, 99, 100 ----, ----, Greek, of about 500 B.C., 38 ----, ----, Roman, 38 _Minerva_, first English 38-gun frigate, 129 Museums, technical, value of, 3 N Naval battle at Lepanto, 103 ----, ----, at Sluys, 74 Naval battle of La Rochelle in 1372..77 ----, ----, of L'Espagnols-sur-Mer, 77 ----, ----, off South Foreland in 1217..70 ----, expedition, Carthaginian, against Greek colonists, 30 ----, expeditions of the ancient Greeks, 29 ----, ----, Persian, against Greece, 29 ----, expenditure under the Commonwealth, 114 ----, guns in time of Henry VIII., 95 ----, power of France under Louis XIV., 118 ----, war with United States in 1812..133 ----, wars of the Commonwealth, 112 ----, ----, of Edward III., 74 Navigation, early notions of, 5 Nekau's attempt to make a Red Sea and Nile canal, 23 ----, expedition round Africa, 24 Noah's ark, account of, 6 Norman ships, 65 Norsemen, ships of, 58 O Oars, arrangement of, in galleys of many banks, 47 ----, of Greek triremes, length of, 42 ----, of Venetian galleys, number of rowers to, 47 Obelisk, transport of, to Rome in 50 A.D., 39 Obelisks, size and weight of, 21 ----, transport of, down Nile, 21 Ocean Herald, American clipper, 1855..150 Olaf Tryggvesson, large ship built by, 67 Overland route to India, closing of, in the fifteenth century, 92 P Penteconters, Greek, 35 Persian naval expeditions against Greece, 29 Pett, Phineas, 104, 110, 111, 114 Phoenician galley of seventh century, 28 Phoenicians, commerce of, 26 ----, origin of, 26 Poole seal, ship on, 74 Portholes of warships in Tudor period, 95, 101 ----, raising of lower deck at end of the eighteenth century, 131 Portuguese, discoveries of, in the fifteenth century, 84 _Prince Royal_, warship of James I., 104 et seq. Ptolemies, use of many-banked galleys by, 36 Ptolemy Philopater's galley, criticism of account of, 45 Punt, first recorded maritime expedition to the land of, 16 ----, Queen Hatshepsu's expedition to the land of, 18 Q _Queen_, English first-rate, time of Queen Victoria, 142 Quinqueremes, Roman, crews of, 44 ----, use of, by Alexander the Great, 35 ----, use of, by Romans, 36, 44 R Raleigh's criticisms on English ships, 107 Rams of Greek galleys, 31, 52, 53 Ramses III., warships of, 23 _Regent_, warship built 1490..92 Renan, Bernard, 118 Richard Coeur de Lion, fleet of, 67