81. Second Great Seal of King Henry III. From impressions at Carlton Hide (R. i. 34), and select seals in Brit. Museum (xxxiv. 4). The armour consists of hauberk and chausses of chain-mail, helm with moveable visor, shield and sword. The surcoat, of diminished length, is without heraldic decoration. As a work of art, this seal shews a great advance beyond the previous royal seals: the horse is drawn with much truth and spirit, while the figure of the king is just in its proportions and natural in its position. Compare woodcut, No. 79. 307 82. Group from the Painted Chamber. _Vetusta Monumenta_, vol. vi. Plate XXXVI. We have here many noticeable particulars: the falchion, the archer with his long-bow and cloth-yard shaft, armed with its barbed head, the ornamented helmet of the mounted knight, the conical nasal helmet of the figure behind, the triangular and the round shields, and the curiously-formed brow-band of the horse. All these will be duly examined under their respective heads. 313 83. Incised slab of red sandstone, the memorial of a knight of the Brougham family, in the church of Brougham, Westmoreland. The stone is nearly 7 feet long, by 3 ft. 5 in. wide, and is traditionally known as "The Crusader's Tomb." The "Crusader" himself was disinterred in 1846, in consequence of some repairs within the chancel of the church, and found to have been buried _cross-legged_. For a particular account of this curious discovery, see the "Archæological Journal," vol. iv. p. 59. 317 84. Military Flail: from Strutt's _Horda_, vol. i. Plate XXXII. From the same MS. as our No. 51. (Benet Coll. Lib., C. 5. xvi.) Compare the flail on woodcut 11. 327 85. Great Seal of King Edward I. Drawn from impression at Carlton Ride marked H. 20; and Harl. Charter, 43, C. 52. The king is armed in hauberk and chausses of chain-mail, with helm having moveable visor; and he wears the shorter surcoat without armorial decoration. The shield presents no new feature. The mountings of the sword are of an unusual pattern: the fleur-de-lis ornament at the extremity is again seen at the hinge of the visor. This is the first English royal seal in which the housing of the steed is heraldically ensigned. 339 86. Horse in housing of chain-mail: from the Painted Chamber[2]. Representations of the mailed steed are extremely rare, though the descriptions of them are frequent. The knight has here an armoried surcoat, and wears the usual "barrel helm" of the time. 342