46. Knightly effigy from Haseley Church, Oxfordshire. The sculpture appears to be of the middle of the thirteenth century, and affords an excellent _type_ of the military costume of this age. The knight wears the hauberk of chain-mail over a gambeson (seen at the skirt), with chausses of chain-mail. The sleeveless surcoat is girt at the waist by a narrow belt, from which the sword-carriage is suspended. To equip the warrior for battle, would still be wanting the helm of plate to fix over his mail-coif. His shield--a very unusual arrangement--is placed under his head, in lieu of the second pillow generally found in knightly monuments. 192 47. Mounted Archer, from Roy. MS. 20, D. i. fol. 127: _Histoire Universelle_, and other tracts. French art. The drawings are all coloured, and in great number. It is one of the finest manuscripts in the world for the illustration of ancient armour and military usages of all kinds. See note on page 196. 195 48. Group of bowmen from folio 307 of the same MS. The fighters in both examples wear the hauberk of banded-mail with surcoat, and the "sugar-loaf" helm. The mounted figure is distinguished by having chausses also of banded-mail. The helm at his feet shews the laces by which it was fastened. 199 49. Cross-bowman and Archer from Add. MS. 15,268, fol. 101: _Histoire de l'ancien monde_. Date, about the close of the thirteenth century. The armour of the arbalester is probably meant for chain-mail: that of the archer is very vague, but seems to express some kind of pourpointing. The artist has carefully distinguished the barbed head of the arrow and the pile of the crossbow-bolt. 201 50. Group of soldiers from Harl. MS. 4,751, fol. 8: a Latin Bestiarium of the commencement of the thirteenth century. The variety of weapons in this little subject is very remarkable: they will be noticed under their separate heads. The "castle" on the elephant's back is, in the original, full of fighters, all wearing the flat-topped helm, and having their shields fixed in a row in front of the car, as we see them hanging over the edge of a vessel in sea-pictures. The "pick-pointed hammer" in the hand of the swordsman is rather an engineering tool than a weapon, and in other manuscripts is given to those who are employed in breaching a wall. 205