Ancient calendars and constellationsPlunket, Emmeline M. (Emmeline Mary)
History
Ancient calendars and constellations
Plunket, Emmeline M. (Emmeline Mary)
Astronomy, Ancient; Calendar; Constellations
As was said at p. 223 about Bootes, 6000 B.C., so it may here be
repeated of Hercules, 4667 B.C., “never since that date has he held so
commanding a position in the sky.”
At the present date of writing, and in our English latitudes, Hercules
“will ever rise reversed,”[114] and through the summer and autumn
months his kneeling figure is always to be seen hanging head downwards
in the southern quarter of the sky.
[114] _The Phainomena or “Heavenly Display” of Aratos, done into
English verse_ by Robert Brown, Jun., F.S.A., line 669.
Grecian writers, some centuries B.C., were already puzzled to account
for this “_reversed_” position of “the Kneeler.” Aratos, from whom I
have quoted above, thus further wonders as to this constellation. At
line 63 we read:--
“... like a toiling man, revolves
A form. Of it can no one clearly speak,
Nor to what toil he is attached; but, simply,
_Kneeler_ they call him. Labouring on his knees,
Like one who sinks he seems;”
and again at line 614--
“The _Kneeler_ ...
He who is ne’er far distant from the _Lyre_,
Whoe’er this stranger of the heavenly forms
May be.”[115]
[115] _The Phainomena or “Heavenly Display” of Aratos, done into
English verse_ by Robert Brown, Jun., F.S.A., line 669.
4600 B.C. no such difficult speculations could have presented
themselves to the minds of those who, in the joyous springtime of
the year, beheld in imagination, night after night, the grand and
conquering figure of this god or hero, typifying for them, as we may
easily suppose, the ever-increasing triumph at that season of the power
of light over darkness.
Plate XIX., fig. 2. It was perhaps at this same date that the cluster
of stars “led round in circle”[116] close to the bow of Sagittarius,
and exactly marking the equinoctial colure, was figured as a
_crown_, and that so depicted, as I have contended at page 76, this
constellation suggested the symbolic circle, crown, or wreath which
sometimes takes the place of the bow in Assur’s hand, and which almost
always is present in the hand of Ahura Mazda in Median representations
of that figure.
[116] _The Phainomena or “Heavenly Display” of Aratos, done into
English verse_ by Robert Brown, Jun., F.S.A., line 401.
At Plate XX., fig. 1, I have drawn the constellation Hydra as it would
have appeared at the date 4667 B.C. At pages 117, 118, the reasons
which led me to suppose that this constellation was then first imagined
have been given.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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