Ancient rhetoric and poetic : $b Interpreted from representative worksBaldwin, Charles Sears
History
Ancient rhetoric and poetic : $b Interpreted from representative works
Baldwin, Charles Sears
Classical literature -- History and criticism -- Theory, etc.; Poetics -- History -- To 1500; Rhetoric, Ancient
Plot in Greek tragedy, the movement of the whole play, is discussed so
extensively by Aristotle that little need be added. For his preoccupation
with Sophocles hardly makes his exposition the less comprehensive. Later
criticism has generally accepted Sophocles as historically midway between
the occasional archaism of Æschylus and the occasional modernism of
Euripides, as typical of Greek dramatic habits, and as the greatest Greek
master of plot. Sophocles, as has been often pointed out, intensified
drama by making his unit not the trilogy, but the single play, by
developing a single theme with a clear conflict, and by making its
interaction self-sufficient through the use of a third actor. Euripides,
on the other hand, seems to care less for totality, though he achieves it
in some plays, notably in the _Medea_. His use of a separable prologue
instead of dramatic exposition within the play has been condemned as
impatient;[12] and the vividness of his lines, especially in description,
has been disparaged as distracting. In all this the art of Sophocles is
no more eminent than it is typical. He is the shining example of Greek
artistic economy.
This characteristic economy of Greek tragic art makes it permanently
inspiring to playwrights. Modern audiences, being less conscious of
art, may find the economy sometimes too close; but playwrights discern
in it both a triumph of technic and an example. For the revolt against
even the “unities” of the French classic stage spent its force long ago.
Meantime the war of the romanticists against the classicists should make
clear, what the greatest dramatists have always understood, that unity in
drama is valuable only as a means to coherence. Its only _raison d’être_
is to clear the way for steady movement and to lead that movement to a
convincing issue. Now in this compelling force of movement Greek drama,
especially in the hands of Sophocles, remains by common consent a model
of tragic art. That even audiences habituated to variety and tolerant
of looseness will still feel this force is suggested by revivals of
increasing frequency, by the eminence, even in a period of very different
dramatic habits, of such plays as _Othello_, and by the deliberate
preference of some recent dramatists[13] for the Greek model. But whether
single, steady movement through a limited time be a permanent dramatic
principle or not, at least it is characteristically Greek. What one
editor says of the _Antigone_ of Sophocles might be said of Greek tragedy
generally: “there is no halting in the march of the drama.”[14]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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