Ancient rhetoric and poetic : $b Interpreted from representative worksBaldwin, Charles Sears
History
Ancient rhetoric and poetic : $b Interpreted from representative works
Baldwin, Charles Sears
Classical literature -- History and criticism -- Theory, etc.; Poetics -- History -- To 1500; Rhetoric, Ancient
This, it must be admitted, seems comparatively remote and unreal beside
similar meals in Homer, and absolutely too high a style for camp cookery.
Nor is it safe to urge that Vergil is holding his style to the epic
level; for that plea opens the way to such mere etiquette as centuries
later quite deviated the discussion of epic from its main issues, and,
besides, Vergil himself does not thus describe Dares and Entellus. No,
the plea must be rather of confession and avoidance. Such passages
are not beautiful, and their style is not epic; but they are so few
that to call them characteristic is quite unfair. Nor are they to be
ascribed to preoccupation with rhetoric. Vergil is, indeed, sometimes
more oratorical[37] than we wish; but he is not, in our modern sense
rhetorical, and his rhetoric, no less than his poetic, must have found
such passages inferior. Rather we may think that these few “rubs and
botches in the work” were what led him to wish it burned; for after all
his revision he was acutely conscious that it was unfinished. Unfinished
in form it certainly is not. Unfinished in style it is here and there.
But what a sense of beauty had the artist who could not bear even so few
blemishes!
Not elaborateness, then, is characteristic of Vergil’s style, but
certainly elaboration. His tireless revision is testified by the
tradition that he composed first in prose, and that he spent on the
_Æneid_ ten years.[38] No style is more highly charged. It is made
to suggest at once vivid descriptive imagery and the sanctions of
history and religion. Not only the story, but the diction, is full of
Rome. His use of the language of Roman ritual[39] is characteristic of
an expression piously preservative of cult. “By instinct and temper
a ritualist,”[40] he is continually suggesting the significance of
traditional forms. The _Iliad_ and the _Odyssey_ are in a special
dialect. The _Faery Queene_ has a language of its own. To achieve such
suggestions in the _Æneid_ with but the slightest resort to archaism
is in itself a great achievement of language; but it is only part of a
consistent allusiveness, an extraordinary connotation, ranging the whole
gamut from sharp physical sensations to spiritual significance. A style
eminently classic in precision and harmony is yet felt to be above all
rich. No other poet seems more nearly infallible with the right word; no
other so well to have charged classic restraint with romantic exuberance
by the energy of his expressiveness. The influence of Vergil, immediate,
wide, and long, is indubitably the influence of his style. Later ages,
unappreciative of the poetic art of his composition, felt the spell of
his imagery and rhythm almost as an incantation. “Virgil is that poet
whose verse has had most power in the world.”[41]
(6). _Originality in Imitation_
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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