Ancient Rome : from the earliest times down to 476 A. D.Pennell, Robert F.
History
Ancient Rome : from the earliest times down to 476 A. D.
Pennell, Robert F.
Rome -- History
The patricians and richer plebeians saw that concessions must be made,
for the loss of these people would be ruin to Rome. Those in debt were
released from their obligations, and the plebeians received the right
to choose annually, from their own numbers, two officers called TRIBUNI
PLEBIS, who should look after their interests, and have the power of
VETOING any action taken by any magistrate in the city. This power,
however, was confined within the city walls, and could never be
exercised outside of them.
The person of the Tribunes was also made sacred, to prevent interference
with them while in discharge of their duties, and if any one attempted
to stop them he was committing a capital crime. Thus, if the Consuls or
Quaestors were inclined to press the law of debt to extremes, or to
be unjust in the levying of troops, the Tribunes could step in, and by
their VETO stop the matter at once.
This was an immense gain for the plebeians, and they were justified in
giving the name of SACRED MOUNT to the hill to which they had seceded.
The number of Tribunes was afterwards increased to five, and still later
to ten.
CHAPTER VII. THE COMITIA TRIBUTA AND THE AGRARIAN LAWS.
The next gain made by the plebeians was the annual appointment from
their own ranks of two officers, called AEDILES. (Footnote: The word
"Aedile" is derived from _Aedes_, meaning temple.) These officers held
nearly the same position in reference to the Tribunes that the Quaestors
did to the Consuls. They assisted the Tribunes in the performance of
their various duties, and also had special charge of the temple of
Ceres. In this temple were deposited, for safe keeping, all the decrees
of the Senate.
These two offices, those of Tribune and Aedile, the result of the
first secession, were filled by elections held at first in the Comitia
Centuriata, but later in an assembly called the COMITIA TRIBUTA, which
met sometimes within and sometimes without the city walls.
This assembly was composed of plebeians, who voted by "tribes"
(_tributa_, meaning composed of tribes), each tribe being entitled to
one vote, and its vote being decided by the majority of its individual
voters. (Footnote: These "tribes" were a territorial division,
corresponding roughly to "wards" in our cities. At this time there were
probably sixteen, but later there were thirty-five. The plebeians in the
city lived mostly in one quarter, on the Aventine Hill.)
The Comitia Tributa was convened and presided over by the Tribunes and
Aediles. In it were discussed matters of interest to the plebeians.
By it any member could be punished for misconduct, and though at first
measures passed in it were not binding on the people at large, it
presently became a determined body, with competent and bold leaders, who
were felt to be a power in the state.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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