The menace of internationalism--Marx and Engels--Socialist teachings of the brotherhood of man--Lassalle's national Socialists join the _Internationale_ of Marx, Engels and Liebknecht--Socialism becomes a political factor--Bismarck's special laws fail--He tries State Socialism--Kaiser Wilhelm denounces the Socialists--Labor-union movement a child of Socialism--German "particularism"--Socialism weakens feelings of patriotism and undermines the church. Chapter IV. Germany under the "Hunger-Blockade." 61 Germany's inability to feed and clothe her inhabitants--The war reduces production--Germany's imports in 1913--Food conservation--The "turnip-winter"--Everybody goes hungry--Terrible increase of mortality--Discontent engendered and increased by suffering--Illegitimate trade in the necessaries of life--Rations at the front become insufficient. Chapter V. Internationalism at Work. 75 General enthusiasm at the war's outbreak--Socialists support the government--Liebknecht denounces the war--Otto Ruehle, Franz Mehring, Clara Zetkin and Rosa Luxemburg--The "Spartacus Letters"--Extreme Socialists begin to follow Liebknecht--The first open break in the party--The seceders attack the war--Liebknecht sent to prison--The Russian Revolution as a factor--The political strikes of January, 1918--The army disaffected--Shortage of trained officers. Chapter VI. Propaganda and Morale. 89 Submarine losses shake sailors' morale--Independent Socialists' propaganda--Admiral von Cappelle admits serious mutiny at Wilhelmshafen--Haase, Dittmann and Vogtherr denounced--Lenine passes through Germany--Russian Bolshevist propaganda in Germany--Treaty of Brest-Litovsk throws down the bars--Activities of the Bolshevist Ambassador Joffe--Haase, Cohn and other Independent Socialists work with him--Joffe expelled from Germany--Allied propaganda helps weaken German morale at home and on the fronts--Atrocity stories. Chapter VII. Germany Requests an Armistice. 107 Chancellor Michaelis resigns and is succeeded by Count Hertling--Empire honeycombed with sedition--Count Lichnowsky's memoirs--Another Chancellor crisis--Socialists consent to enter a coalition government--Bulgaria surrenders--Hertling admits desperateness of situation--The German front begins to disintegrate--Prince Max of Baden becomes Chancellor, with the Socialist Philip Scheidemann as a cabinet member--Max requests an armistice--Lansing's reply. Chapter VIII. The Last Days of Imperial Germany. 121