Anglo-Saxons; Great Britain -- History -- Anglo-Saxon period, 449-1066
The old Teutonic poetry, with its treble system of accent, alliteration,
and parallelism, was wholly different from the Romance poetry, with its
double system of rime and metre. But, from an early date, the English
themselves were fond of verbal jingles, such as "Scot and lot," "sac and
soc," "frith and grith," "eorl and ceorl," or "might and right." Even in
the alliterative poems we find many occasional rimes, such as "hlynede
and dynede," "wide and side," "Dryht-guman sine drencte mid wine," or
such as the rimes already quoted from Cynewulf. As time went on, and
intercourse with other countries became greater, the tendency to rime
settled down into a fixed habit. Rimed Latin verse was already familiar
to the clergy, and was imitated in their works. Much of the very ornate
Anglo-Saxon prose of the latest period is full of strange verbal tricks,
as shown in the following modernised extract from a sermon of Wulfstan.
Here, the alliterative letters are printed in capitals, and the rimes in
italics:–
No Wonder is it that Woes befall us, for Well We Wot that
now full many a year men little _care_ what thing they
_dare_ in word or deed; and Sorely has this nation Sinned,
whate'er man Say, with Manifold Sins and with right Manifold
Misdeeds, with Slayings and with Slaughters, with _robbing_
and with _stabbing_, with Grasping _deed_ and hungry
_Greed_, through Christian Treason and through heathen
Treachery, through _guile_ and through _wile_, through
_lawlessness_ and _awelessness_, through Murder of Friends
and Murder of Foes, through broken Troth and broken Truth,
through wedded unchastity and cloistered impurity. Little
they _trow_ of marriage _vow_, as ere this I said: little
they reck the breach of _oath_ or _troth_; swearing and
for-swearing, on every _side_, far and _wide_, Fast and
Feast they hold not, Peace and Pact they keep not, oft and
anon. Thus in this _land_ they _stand_, Foes to Christendom,
Friends to heathendom, Persecutors of Priests, Persecutors
of People, all too many; spurners of godly law and Christian
bond, who Loudly Laugh at the _Teaching_ of God's _Teachers_
and the _Preaching_ of God's _Preachers_, and whatso rightly
to God's rites belongs.
The nation was thus clearly preparing itself from within for the
adoption of the Romance system. Immediately after the Conquest, rimes
begin to appear distinctly, while alliteration begins to die out. An
Anglo-Saxon poem on the character of William the Conqueror, inserted in
the Chronicle under the year of his death, consists of very rude rimes
which may be modernised as follows–
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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