When the operation is completed, the forceps should be opened with great care, in order to ascertain whether all hemorrhage has ceased, and the cord may be allowed to retract. If any oozing of blood appears at the point of the operation, the cauterization must be repeated at the point indicated. A free application of cold water, in the form of a _douche_, after the operation, will contribute to the formation of a clot in the cauterized artery. CHAPTER III. METHODS OF THE SECOND CLASS -- CLAMPS -- COVERED AND UNCOVERED OPERATION -- INSTRUMENTS -- FOUR VARIOUS STEPS -- OBJECTION TO THIS METHOD -- TIME TO REMOVE THE CLAMPS -- LIGATURE -- OF THE CORD AND ITS ENVELOPES -- OF THE CORD ONLY -- OF THE SPERMATIC ARTERY -- OF THE EFFERENT CANAL -- SUBCUTANEOUS OPERATION. Having completed the consideration of the various methods included in the first class, we propose next to examine those entering into the second, which embrace those in which certain means of pressure are applied and suffered to remain upon the cord previous to the amputation of the testicle. These are two in number, and consist of the process known as that of the clamps, and that which involves the use of the ligature. THE METHOD BY THE CLAMPS. This is an ancient mode of operating, having been transmitted to us through many ages. It has received the sanction of long practice, and, if not absolutely superior to all others, is possessed of qualities and advantages which all who have employed it will freely acknowledge. It is performed in two ways. One is the process of the _covered_, the other of the _uncovered_ testicle. The covered operation is that in which only a portion of the testicular envelopes are divided, the scrotum and the dartos, the gland being left covered with the other envelopes. On the other hand, in the uncovered operation, all the enveloping membranes are divided, and the testicle is made to protrude outside of the vaginal sac. The first three steps of this mode of operating are understood to have been performed in the methods which we have already considered as generally preliminary in all cases, in order to obtain access to the cord. [Illustration: FIG. 10. ORDINARY CLAMP.] [Illustration: INTERNAL FACE OF CLAMPS.]