_Legation of the spermatic artery._--This is a mode of castration which, if we are not mistaken, was held in high estimation by certain practitioners in the city of Boston. It consists simply in the application of a ligature of silk to the spermatic artery. The cord being exposed, and the posterior septum being divided, a curved needle armed with the ligature is made to pass around the whole mass of the anterior fasciculus, and the entire vascular cord is surrounded by the ligature and firmly tightened. The fact of the various and irregular flexuosities peculiar to the spermatic artery, with both ascending and descending portions, explains the necessity of including the entire arterial mass under the ligature, since, if only the simple cord of the artery were ligated, it might be an ascending portion only, and the amputation of the testicle might be followed by a troublesome hemorrhage from one of the descending loops. _Ligation of the efferent canal and the subcutaneous ligation of the cord._--These two modes of operating have not yet yielded sufficient evidence in the form of satisfactory results to be entitled to more than passing mention at the present time. We may say further, moreover, that among all the methods of castration by ligation, none of them have been subjected to a sufficient amount of practical test to be accepted as a process which will justify a strong recommendation or unqualified approval. CHAPTER IV. THIRD METHOD OF CASTRATION -- CRUSHING OF THE TESTICULAR CORD -- DOUBLE SUBCUTANEOUS TORSION -- BISTOURNAGE -- FOUR STEPS OF THE OPERATION -- SYMPTOMS FOLLOWING -- CASTRATION OF CRYPTORCHIDS -- INGUINAL CRYPTORCHIDY -- ABDOMINAL CRYPTORCHIDY -- MODUS OPERANDI -- FIVE STEPS IN THE OPERATION -- EFFECTS FOLLOWING THE OPERATION OF CASTRATION -- MODE OF CICATRIZATION -- HYGIENIC AND SUBSEQUENT ATTENTIONS OR AFTER CARES. As I have before stated, the third method of castration embraces the processes in which the testicular envelopes are left intact, while it is the gland or cord which is submitted to the peculiar manipulations by which their structure, and therefore the secreting powers of the testicle, are so essentially modified. In treating of this method, two special operations present themselves for our consideration, to wit: the _crushing of the testicular support_, and the _double subcutaneous twisting_, or _bistournage_ of the French. These are employed principally in the castration of ruminants, though efforts have been made to apply the latter in the case of solipeds. The modes of operating which we have already described are, however, also applicable to the ruminants. CRUSHING OF THE TESTICULAR CORD.