The late Mr. Serres, of the veterinary school of Toulouse, divides the operation into four steps, viz., _first_, the softening of the bags and separation of the dartos from the fibrous tissue; _second_, the displacement (dislocation) of the testicle; _third_, the torsion of the cord; and _fourth_, the pushing up of the testicles into the inguinal region, with the application of the ligature to keep them in place. [Illustration: FIG. 16 (A). DOUBLE SUBCUTANEOUS TORSION IN CATTLE. Softening the bags--first position of the hands.] [Illustration: FIG. 16 (B). DOUBLE SUBCUTANEOUS TORSION IN CATTLE. Softening of the bags--second position of the hands.] The first step is the most difficult for the surgeon as well as the most painful to the horse, though the contrary is the fact where the subject is an ox. The operator, stationing himself behind the animal, grasps the testicles with both hands (Fig. 16) and quickly draws them down into the scrotum. Holding them there with the right hand, with the left he raises the scrotum by the lower part, firmly pulling upon it downwards and slightly from before backwards. The testicles are then moved upward and downward in the sac, carrying with them the fibrous covering. During this time a peculiar crackling sound is heard, which is caused by the tearing apart of the fibres of the cellular tissue lying between the dartos and the fibrous coat. This laceration is sometimes difficult to effect, especially in aged animals, in which case the up and down motion of the testicles will require a greater number of repetitions before the adhesions are torn. [Illustration: FIG. 17. DOUBLE SUBCUTANEOUS TORSION IN CATTLE. Position of the left hand at the beginning of the second step.] [Illustration: FIG. 18. DOUBLE SUBCUTANEOUS TORSION IN CATTLE. Second step.]