Animal Intelligence: The International Scientific Series, Vol. XLIV.Romanes, George John
Science
Animal Intelligence: The International Scientific Series, Vol. XLIV.
Romanes, George John
Animal behavior; Animal intelligence
The so-called 'geometric spider' constructs her web by first laying down
the radiating and unadhesive rays, and then, beginning from the centre,
spins a spiral line of unadhesive web, like that of the rays which it
intersects. This line, in being woven through the radii in a spiral from
centre to circumference, serves as a scaffolding for the spider to walk
over, and also keeps the rays properly stretched. She next spins another
spiral line, but this time from the circumference to near the centre,
and formed of web, covered with a viscid secretion to retain prey.
Lastly, she constructs her lair to bide and watch for prey, at some
distance from the web but connected with it by means of a line of
communication or telegraph, the vibrations of which inform her of the
struggling of an insect in the net.[79]
According to Thompson,--
The web of the garden spider--the most ingenious and
perfect contrivance that can be imagined--is usually
fixed in a perpendicular or somewhat oblique direction
in an opening between the leaves of some plant or
shrub; and as it is obvious that round its whole
extent lines will be required to which those ends of
radii that are farthest from the centre can be
attached, the construction of those exterior lines is
the spider's first operation. It seems careless about
the shape of the area they are to enclose, well aware
that it can as readily inscribe a circle in a triangle
as a square; and in this respect it is guided by the
distance or proximity of the points to which it can
attach them. It spares no pains, however, to
strengthen and keep them in a proper degree of
tension. With the former view it composes each line of
five or six or even of more threads glued together;
and with the latter it fixes to them from different
points a numerous and intricate apparatus of smaller
threads; and having thus completed the foundation of
its snare, it proceeds to fill up the outline.
Attaching a thread to one of the main lines, it walks
along it, guiding it with one of its hind legs, that
it may not touch in any part and be prematurely glued,
and crosses over to the opposite side, where, by
applying its spinners, it firmly fixes it. To the
middle of this diagonal thread, which is to form the
centre of its net, it fixes a second, which in like
manner it conveys and fastens to another part of the
lines including the area. The work now proceeds
rapidly. During the preliminary operations it
sometimes rests, as though its plan required
meditation; but no sooner are the marginal lines of
the net firmly stretched, and two or three radii spun
from its centre, than it continues its labour so
quickly and unremittingly that the eye can scarcely
follow its progress. The radii, to the number of about
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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