another point of great importance. Transformations of energy take place more readily in certain directions than in others. And there is always a tendency for energy to pass from the higher or more readily transformable to the lower or less readily transformable forms. When, for example, energy has passed to the low kinetic form of the uniformly distributed molecular motion of heat, it is exceedingly difficult, or practically impossible, to transform it into a higher and more available form. Now, both animals and plants are centres of the transformation of energy; and in them energy, notwithstanding that it is being raised to a high position of potentiality, is constantly tending to be degraded to lower forms. Hence the necessity of some source from which fresh stores of available energy may be constantly supplied. Such a source is solar radiance. This it is which gives the succession of little pushes which keeps the pendulum of life a-swinging. And it is the green plants which, through their chlorophyll, are in the best position to utilize the solar energy. They utilize it in building up, from the necessary constituents diffused through the atmosphere and the soil, complex forms of organic material, of which the first visible product seems to be starch; and these not only contain large stores of potential energy, but are capable, when combined with oxygen, of containing yet larger stores. The animal, taking into its body these complex materials, and elaborating them together with oxygen into yet more complex and more unstable compounds, then, during its vital activity, makes organized use of the transformation of the potential energy thus stored into lower forms of energy. Thus there go on side by side, in both animals and plants, a building up or synthesis of complex and unstable chemical compounds, accompanied by a storage of potential energy, and a breaking down or analysis of these compounds into lower and simpler forms, accompanied by a setting free of kinetic energy. But in the plant, synthetic changes and storage of energy are in excess, while in the animal, analytic changes and the setting free of kinetic energy are more marked. Hence the variety and volume of animal activities.