The two factors in phenomena 331 The basis in organic evolution 336 Perceptual construction in mammalia 338 Can animals analyze their constructs? 347 The generic difference between the minds of man and brute 350 Perceptual construction in other vertebrates 350 "Understanding" of words 354 Perceptual construction in the invertebrates 356 "The psychic life of micro-organisms" 360 The inferences of animals 361 Intelligent not rational 365 Use of words defined 372 Language and analysis 374 CHAPTER X. THE FEELINGS OF ANIMALS: THEIR APPETENCES AND EMOTIONS. Pleasure and pain: their organic limits 379 Their directive value 380 An emotion exemplified 382 Sensitiveness and sensibility 385 The expression of the emotions 385 The postponement of action 385 The three orders of emotion 390 The capacities of animals for pleasure and pain 391 Sense-feelings 393 Some emotions of animals 395 The necessity for caution in interpretation 399 The sense of beauty 407 Can animals be moral? 413 Conclusion 414 CHAPTER XI. ANIMAL ACTIVITIES: HABIT AND INSTINCT.