Animal Locomotion; or, walking, swimming, and flying: With a dissertation on aëronautics — John Shaqi
Animal Locomotion; or, walking, swimming, and flying: With a dissertation on aëronauticsPettigrew, James Bell
Science
Animal Locomotion; or, walking, swimming, and flying: With a dissertation on aëronautics
Pettigrew, James Bell
Aeronautics; Animal locomotion
Weight necessary to flight, 3
The same laws regulate natural and artificial progression, 4
Walking, swimming, and flying correlated, 5
Flight the poetry of motion, 6
Flight a more unstable movement than that of walking and
swimming; the travelling surfaces and movements of animals
adapted to the earth, the water, and the air, 7
The earth, the water, and the air furnish the fulcra for the
levers formed by the travelling surfaces of animals, 8
Weight plays an important part in walking, swimming, and flying, 9
The extremities of animals in walking act as pendulums, and
describe figure-of-8 curves, 9
In swimming, the body of the fish is thrown into figure-of-8
curves, 10
The tail of the fish made to vibrate pendulum fashion, 11
The tail of the fish, the wing of the bird, and the extremity
of the biped and quadruped are screws structurally and
functionally. They describe figure-of-8 and waved tracks, 12
The body and wing reciprocate in flight; the body rising when
the wing is falling, and _vice versâ_, 12
Flight the least fatiguing kind of motion. Aërial creatures not
stronger than terrestrial ones, 13
Fins, flippers, and wings form mobile helics or screws, 14
Artificial fins, flippers, and wings adapted for navigating the
water and air, 14
History of the figure-of-8 theory of walking, swimming, and
flying, 15
Priority of discovery on the part of the Author. Admission to
that effect on the part of Professor Marey, 16
Fundamental axioms. Of uniform motion. Motion uniformly
varied, 17
The legs move by the force of gravity. Resistance of fluids.
Mechanical effects of fluids on animals immersed in them.
Centre of gravity, 18
The three orders of lever, 19
Passive organs of locomotion. Bones, 21
Joints, 23
Ligaments. Effects of atmospheric pressure on limbs. Active
organs of locomotion. Muscles; their properties, arrangement,
modes of action, etc., 24
Muscular cycles. Centripetal and centrifugal movements of
muscles; muscular waves. Muscles arranged in longitudinal,
transverse, and oblique spiral lines, 25–27
The bones of the extremities twisted and spiral, 28
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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