Animal Parasites and MessmatesBeneden, P. J. van (Pierre Joseph)
Science
Animal Parasites and Messmates
Beneden, P. J. van (Pierre Joseph)
Parasites
The cuckoo suggests to us the mound-making Megapode and the Talegalla
of Latham, both of which inhabit Australia; these birds deposit their
eggs in an enormous mass of leaves or grass, which grows warm by
decomposition, and the temperature of which is great enough to hatch
them. The young ones when they come out of the egg are sufficiently 9
developed to be able to provide for their own wants, and to do without
a mother's care.
To return to our animal messmates: let us notice the result of the
observations of a learned and skilful naturalist who has rendered
great services to ichthyology. Dr. Bleeker has described a still more
remarkable association in the Indian seas; it is that of a crustacean,
the _Cymothoa_, taking advantage of a fish known under the name
of _Stromatea_; too imperfectly organized to fish for itself at
large, but more skilful in snapping up all that comes within its
reach, it makes its home in the buccal cavity of the Stromatea.
But of all crustaceans, the most cruel is the isopod named
_Ichthyoxena_, which hollows out for itself and its female a
large dwelling-place in the coats of the stomach of a cyprinoid fish.
We will return again to these examples.
The _Physaliæ_, those charming living nosegays of the tropical
regions, also give lodging in their cavities, and in the midst of
their long cirrhi, to little adult and perfect fishes, belonging to
the family of the _Scombridæ_, a family to which are attached the
tunny and the mackerel. These sea-butterflies flutter away their
indolent existence at the expense of their host. Voyagers tell us that
they have seen them by dozens concealed in these animated festoons.
Mons. Al. Agassiz has mentioned, in his illustrated catalogue, another
fact, quite as extraordinary, observed in the Bay of Nantucket, in the
United States; it relates to a nocturnal Pelagia (_Dactylometra
quinquecirra_, Ag.) always accompanied, not to say escorted, by a
species of herring. The two neighbours constitute together an 10
association which probably redounds to the advantage of both.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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