As the author has previously written upon one of the industries involved herein ("The Manufacture of Leather": Constable & Co.), he has, rather inevitably, found it difficult to avoid altogether his own phraseology. The changes of a decade, however, together with the wider field and newer view-point, have made possible a radical difference of treatment. The author desires to acknowledge the help he has received from the many books, essays, and researches which are mentioned in the references at the end of each section, especially to Procter's "Principles of Leather Manufacture," and also to thank Dr. Rideal for many useful suggestions. The author would like also to acknowledge here his indebtedness (as well as that of the trade generally) to the work of Dr. J. Gordon Parker, who, through his researches, lectures, and teaching work, has done more than any other man to disseminate a knowledge of practical methods of tanning. The author's thanks are also due to his brother, Mr. W. Gordon Bennett, M.Sc., A.I.C., M.C., for assistance in proof revision, and to his father, Rev. John Bennett, for some literary criticism. H. GARNER BENNETT. BEVERLY, _June_, 1921. CONTENTS GENERAL PREFACE AUTHOR'S PREFACE CONTENTS INTRODUCTION * * * * * PART I. HIDES FOR HEAVY LEATHERS. SECTION 1. THE RAW MATERIAL OF HEAVY LEATHERS 2. THE PREPARATION OF PELT 3. VEGETABLE TANNAGE 4. FINISHING PROCESS 5. SOLE LEATHER 6. BELTING LEATHER 7. HARNESS LEATHER 8. UPPER LEATHERS 9. BAG LEATHER 10. PICKING BAND BUTTS * * * * * PART II. SKINS FOR LIGHT LEATHERS. 1. PRINCIPLES AND GENERAL METHODS OF LIGHT LEATHER MANUFACTURE 2. GOATSKINS 3. SEALSKINS 4. SHEEPSKINS 5. CALFSKINS 6. JAPANNED AND ENAMELLED LEATHERS * * * * * PART III. CHROME LEATHERS. 1. THE NATURE OF CHROME LEATHERS 2. GENERAL METHODS OF CHROME LEATHER MANUFACTURE 3. CHROME CALF 4. CHROME GOAT AND SHEEP 5. HEAVY CHROME LEATHERS * * * * * PART IV. MISCELLANEOUS TANNAGES. 1. ALUM TANNAGES 2. FAT TANNAGES 3. OIL TANNAGES 4. FORMALDEHYDE TANNAGE 5. SYNTHETIC TANNING MATERIALS 6. COMBINATION TANNAGES 7. THE EVOLUTION OF THE LEATHER INDUSTRY * * * * * PART V. GELATINE AND GLUE. 1. PROPERTIES OF GELATINE AND GLUE 2. RAW MATERIALS AND PRELIMINARY TREATMENT 3. EXTRACTION 4. CLARIFICATION AND DECOLORIZATION 5. BLEACHING 6. EVAPORATION 7. COOLING AND DRYING 8. USES OF GELATINE AND GLUE