Mastodon, bones taken for those of giants, 205 thought to be carnivorous, 206 covering, 210 description, 210 distribution, 203, 210, 212 extinction, 212 literature, 218 and man, 215, 216 first noticed in America, 204 origin unknown, 202 remains abundant, 208, 209 remains in Ulster and Orange counties, New York, 204, 206 restoration, 210* Mastodon, size, 211 skeletons on exhibition, 218 species, 203 teeth, 198, 199,* 218 tusks, 199, 200 Mesohippus, 167 Mimicry, not conscious, 128 Missourium of Koch, 207,* 208 Moas, collections of, 156, 157 contemporary with man, 143, 144 deductions from distribution, 143 destruction of, 143, 144 discovery of bones, 140 elephant-footed, 142 feathers of, 141 Giant, 141 supposed food of, 142 legends of, 139, 140 literature, 158 scientific names, 146 size of, 141 species of, 141 Moloch, an Australian lizard, 100* Mosasaurs, abundance of, in Kansas, 52 books on, 69 collections of, 68 extinction of, 56 first discovery, 50 jaw of, 54* Mosasaurs, range of, 49 restoration, 52* size of, 49, 50 Mylodon tracks at Carson City, 45 Names, scientific, reasons for using, xvi, xvii Nature, balance of, 238 Nuts, fossil, 11 Oldest animals, 21 vertebrates, 19, 22 Ostrich egg, 147 Over-specialization, 221, 222 Peale, C. W., 205 Peale, Rembrandt, 205, 206 Pelican, mandible, 53 Penguins, depend on fat for warmth, 127 feathers highly modified, 128 swim with wings, 80 Petrified bodies, 10 Phororhacos, description of, 149 mistaken for mammal, 149 Patagonian bird, 148 related to heron family, 152 restoration, frontispiece skull, 150, 151* Protohippus, 166 Pteraspis, 28 Pterichthys, 25, 28, 32* mistaken for crab, 25 Pterodactyls, impressions of wings, 133 from Kansas, 55 wing, 72* Pycraft, W. P., restoration of Archaeopteryx, 89 Radiolarians, 15, 17* Reconstruction of animals, 127, 130, 134 Reptiles, fasting powers of, 98 growth throughout life, 102 jaws, 53 Restorations, xviii Archaeopteryx, 89* Ceratosaurus, 106* Hesperornis, 82* Mammoth, 176* Mastodon, 210* Phororhacos, frontispiece progress in, 137 Stegosaurus, 108* Thespesius, 90* Triceratops, 126* Tylosaurus, 52* Reversion of fancy stock, 171 Rhinoceros, exterminated by cold, 232 Roc, legend of, 144, 145 Rocks, thickness of sedimentary, 20 Ruffles on dresses, 202 Schuchert, Charles, on collecting fossils, 17 collector of Zeuglodon bones, 63 Seals, covering of, 128 Sea-serpent, belief in, 56 possibility of existence, 57