Shaler, Professor, on changes in Miocene flora of Europe, 236, 237 Sharks, early, 31 Great-toothed, 65 known from spines and teeth, 29 Port Jackson, 29 teeth of, 69 White, or Man-Eater, 65 Skeleton, basis of all restorations, 127 best testimony of animal's relationships, 124 information to be derived from, 120, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127 a problem in mechanics, 102, 124 reconstruction of, 120 relation of, to exterior of animal, 121, 127 of Triceratops, 103,* 121 Spines and plates, 130 Stegosaurus, description of, 106 restoration of, 108* Survival of the fittest, 173 Teeth, birds with, 79 of gnawing animals, 169, 200 of grass-eaters, 169 Teeth, of horse, 170 of mammoth, 198, 199* of mastodon, 198, 199* of sharks, 29, 30 of Thespesius, 105 Thespesius, abundance of, 104, 105 brain of, 93 (Same as Claosaurus) engulfed in quicksand, 8 impressions of skin, 132 restoration of, 90* teeth of, 105 at Yale, 109 Tiger, preying on reindeer, 134 Tile-fish, destruction of, 230 Titanichthys, 28, 29 Toothed birds, collections of, 88 discovery of, 79 Townsend C. H., 190-192 Tracks, ascribed to birds, 38 ascribed to giants, 45 animals known from, 41 collections of, 47 of Connecticut Valley, 37 deductions from, 44 of Dinosaurs, 38,* 40,* 41, 47* discovery in England and America, 37, 42 how formed, 35, 40 at Hastings, 44 Tracks, of Mylodon, 46 of worms, 3, 33 Triceratops, brain, 94 broken horn, 102 description, 100, 101 restoration, 126* skeleton, 103* Tufa, 14 Tukeman, killing of the Mammoth, 177, 193 Variation in animals, 228 Vertebrates, oldest, 22 Vestigial structures, 201, 202 Volcanic outbursts, 231, 232 Webster, F. S., on destruction of gar pikes, 26 White, C. A., on the nature and uses of fossils, 17 White Shark, 65 Wings, 71, 72,* 73 of embryonic birds, 73 Wood, fossil, 9, 10 Worm trails, 3, 33 Yucca, fertilization, 235 Zeuglodon, abundance of remains, 60 same as Basilosaurus description, 58, 63 habits, 59 Zeuglodon, Koch's restoration, 62 name, 58, 69 once numerous, 60 size, 58 specimen of, 68 structure of bones, 64 teeth, 58, 69* End of Project Gutenberg's Animals of the Past, by Frederic A. Lucas