Still used as a term of reproach to the Jains and Buddhists, in which, and other points, as _Ari_ (the foe, qu. _Aria_?), they bear a strong resemblance to the followers of the Arian Zardusht, or Zoroaster. Amongst other peculiarities, the ancient Persian fire-worshipper, like the present Jain, placed a bandage over the mouth while worshipping. Footnote 4.20.9: For an account of the discovery of the remains of this ancient city, see _Transactions of the Royal Asiatic Society_, vol. i. p. 314. Footnote 4.20.10: [Arrian, _Indika_, viii.] Footnote 4.20.11: [Growse (_Mathura_, 279) suggests that Cleisobora is Krishnapura, ‘Krishna’s city.’] Footnote 4.20.12: Hercules, Mercury, and Apollo; _Balaram_, _Budha_, and _Kanhaiya_. Footnote 4.20.13: The ‘God Bal,’ the Vivifier, the Sun [?]. Footnote 4.20.14: Budha signifies ‘wisdom.’ Footnote 4.20.15: Job chap. xxxi. 26, 27, 28. Footnote 4.20.16: Chand, the bard, after having separately invoked the three persons of the Hindu triad, says that he who believes them distinct, “hell will be his portion.” Footnote 4.20.17: [The Jains were not a Buddhist sect.] Footnote 4.20.18: A very curious cause was assigned by an eminent Jain priest for the innovation of enshrining and worshipping the forms of the twenty-four pontiffs: namely, that the worship of Kanhaiya, before and after the apotheosis, became quite a rage amongst the women, who crowded his shrines, drawing after them all the youth of the Jains; and that, in consequence, they made a statue of Neminath to counteract a fervour that threatened the existence of their faith. It is seldom we are furnished with such rational reasons for religious changes. Footnote 4.20.19: [Neminātha was the twenty-second Jain Tīrthakara or deified saint. Arishta means ‘unhurt, perfect.’] Footnote 4.20.20: It was the serpent (Budha) who ravished Ila, daughter of Ikshwaku, the son of Manu, whence the distinctive epithet of his descendants in the East, _Manus_, or men, the very tradition on an ancient sculptured column in the south of India, which evidently points to the primeval mystery. In Portici there is an exact _lingam_ entwined with a brazen serpent, brought from the temple of Isis at Pompeii: and many of the same kind, in mosaic, decorate the floors of the dwelling-houses. But the most singular coincidence is in the wreaths of _lingams_ and the _yoni_ over the door of the minor temple of Isis at Pompeii; while on another front is painted the rape of Venus by Mercury (Budha and Ila). The Lunar race, according to the Puranas, are the issue of the rape of Ila by Budha. _Aphah_ is a serpent in Hebrew. _Ahi_ and _Sarpa_ are two of its many appellations in Sanskrit. [These speculations are now obsolete.] Footnote 4.20.21: _Taintīs kror devata._ Footnote 4.20.22: