The Mahabharata records constant wars from ancient times amongst the children of Surya (the sun), and the Tak or Takshak (serpent races). The horse of the sun, liberated preparatory to sacrifice, by the father of Rama, was seized by the Takshak Ananta; and Janamejaya, king of Delhi, grandson of Pandu, was killed by one of the same race. In both instances the Takshak is literally rendered the _snake_. The successor of Janamejaya carried war into the seats of this Tak or serpent race, and is said to have sacrificed 20,000 of them in revenge; but although it is specifically stated that he subsequently compelled them to sign tributary engagements (_paenama_), the Brahmans have nevertheless distorted a plain historical fact by a literal and puerile interpretation. The Paraitakai (_Mountain-Tak_) of Alexander were doubtless of this race, as was his ally Taxiles, which appellation was titular, as he was called Omphis till his father’s death. It is even probable that this name is the Greek Ὄφις, in which they recognized the tribe of the Tak or Snake. Taxiles may be compounded of is, ‘lord or chief,’ _sila_, ‘rock or mountain,’ and Tak, ‘lord of the mountain Tak,’ whose capital was in the range west of the Indus. We are indebted to the Emperor Babur for the exact position of the capital of this celebrated race, which he passed in his route of conquest. We have, however, an intermediate notice of it between Alexander and Babur, in the early history of the Yadu Bhatti, who came in conflict with the Taks on their expulsion from Zabulistan and settlement in the Panjab. [The Paraitakai or Paraitakenai have no connexion with Tāk or Takshak, the first part of the name perhaps representing Skt. _parvata_, ‘a mountain,’ or _pahār_ in the modern dialect. They lived in the hill country between the rivers Oxus and Jaxartes (McCrindle, _Alexander_, 57). Omphis represents the Āmbhi, king of Taxila, a name supposed to mean ‘rock of the Tāk tribe’ (_ibid._ 413; Smith, _EHI_, 60), or, more probably, ‘city of cut stone.’] Footnote 4.20.23: The Buddhists appeared in this peninsula and the adjacent continent was the cradle of Buddhism, and here are three of the ‘five’ sacred mounts of their faith, _i.e._ Girnar, Satrunjaya and Abu. The Author purposes giving, hereafter, an account of his journey through these classic regions. [He refers to Jains; Buddhism arose in Bihār.] Footnote 4.20.24: The Buddhists and Jains are stigmatized as _Vidyavan_, which, signifying ‘possessed of science,’ is interpreted ‘magician.’ Footnote 4.20.25: He is called Arishta-Nemi, ‘the black Nemi,’ from his complexion. Footnote 4.20.26: [The connexion of Hindu with Egyptian beliefs is no longer admitted.] Footnote 4.20.27: