Sea-leopards "lurk beneath the overhanging ledges" 82 A sea-leopard's head 84 A sea-leopard 10 ft. 6½ in. long 86 A young sea-leopard on sea-ice 86 "With graceful arching of his neck, appeared to assure her of his readiness to take charge" 88 "The chicks began to appear" 90 An Adélie being sick 90 Method of feeding the young 92 Profile of an Adélie chick 94 A task becoming impossible 96 Adélie with chick twelve days old 98 A couple with their chicks 100 Adélie penguins have a strong love of climbing for its own sake 102 Adélies on the ice-foot 104, 106, 108 "An imprisoned hen was poking her head up" 110 "Her mate appeared to be very angry with her" 110 "When she broke out, they became reconciled" 112 Adélie nests on top of Cape Adare 112 "Leapt at one another into the air" 130 A Skua by its chick 130 An Emperor Penguin 134 Profile of an Emperor 136 ADÉLIE PENGUINS(1) INTRODUCTION The penguins of the Antarctic regions very rightly have been termed the true inhabitants of that country. The species is of great antiquity, fossil remains of their ancestors having been found, which showed that they flourished as far back as the eocene epoch. To a degree far in advance of any other bird, the penguin has adapted itself to the sea as a means of livelihood, so that it rivals the very fishes. This proficiency in the water has been gained at the expense of its power of flight, but this is a matter of small moment, as it happens. (1) _Pygoscelis adeliæ._ In few other regions could such an animal as the penguin rear its young, for when on land its short legs offer small advantage as a means of getting about, and as it cannot fly, it would become an easy prey to any of the carnivora which abound in other parts of the globe. Here, however, there are none of the bears and foxes which inhabit the North Polar regions, and once ashore the penguin is safe.