different in every respect, and approximated in its whole structure to the simian rather than to the human type. Krause adds that if the brain had been placed before him without any intimation of its origin, he should have been quite justified in concluding that it belonged to an anthropoid ape, which stood somewhat nearer to man than the chimpanzee. It is an unquestionable fact that some human beings, whether children or adults, who are endowed with a defective bodily structure, and who are affected with more or less pronounced physical incapacity and mental weakness, by their appearance, ungainly tricks, and helpless and aimless motions, impress us in the most forcible way with their resemblance to apes. Different degrees of idiocy affect individuals of limited intellect, and remind us of an absolutely brutish condition. Krause describes the “ape-like” boy of seven and a half years old, whom he had examined, as cheerful and inclined to play and dance, but as passionate when he was teased. The child was very supple, fond of climbing, and with great strength in his arms and hands, of which the latter had a horny appearance, reminding him of the hands of a chimpanzee. He could sit on the ground with his legs wide apart. His gait was uncertain, and he was apt to tumble, falling with his knees bent forward and his legs doubled under him; he was fond of hopping, and at such times looked still more like an ape. The great toes of both feet were at an angle to the foot, and thus gave the impression of a prehensile foot. At first Krause supposed that this deviation was produced by the child’s endeavour to supply a broader basis of support for his uncertain gait; but he subsequently changed his opinion, since he did not find the same peculiarity in other children of diseased brain, as, for instance, in those suffering from water on the brain. The boy could say very little, only papa and mamma, and it was long before he could pronounce these words in two syllables; for the most part, he only uttered a sound resembling a grunt. He imitated the barking of a dog, with the sound of rolling _r_’s. He often stamped his feet and clapped his hands together, making a grunting noise as Krause had observed in the case of gorillas and chimpanzees. The boy was smaller than other children of his age, and had weak eyes; his head was sore, and his forehead narrow. His imitative tendency was strongly marked, and his whole nature and all his movements strikingly resembled those of apes. He had been much neglected by his parents.[85]